1 00:00:05,269 --> 00:00:03,110 i think what i will do is uh oh then the 2 00:00:07,190 --> 00:00:05,279 other thing is at the end of the hour 3 00:00:08,549 --> 00:00:07,200 we are going to move a couple hundred 4 00:00:11,430 --> 00:00:08,559 yards from here 5 00:00:13,270 --> 00:00:11,440 uh and reassemble with the other groups 6 00:00:15,190 --> 00:00:13,280 which time 7 00:00:17,990 --> 00:00:15,200 i'm going to have the privilege 8 00:00:20,230 --> 00:00:18,000 of summarizing all the 9 00:00:23,429 --> 00:00:20,240 wise and succinct remarks that are made 10 00:00:25,429 --> 00:00:23,439 here so don't let me down 11 00:00:27,910 --> 00:00:25,439 the uh i'd like to introduce our 12 00:00:29,589 --> 00:00:27,920 panelists first i'll do that 13 00:00:31,589 --> 00:00:29,599 and i'll do it very briefly i don't do 14 00:00:32,870 --> 00:00:31,599 justice to them and then we're going to 15 00:00:35,190 --> 00:00:32,880 start at the other end of the table and 16 00:00:37,430 --> 00:00:35,200 just work this way and when that's over 17 00:00:38,869 --> 00:00:37,440 then we'll turn uh to those of you in 18 00:00:41,590 --> 00:00:38,879 the audience 19 00:00:43,990 --> 00:00:41,600 uh first of course is ed lew who 20 00:00:45,350 --> 00:00:44,000 has a bachelor of science in engineering 21 00:00:47,910 --> 00:00:45,360 from cornell 22 00:00:49,750 --> 00:00:47,920 he has a phd in applied physics from 23 00:00:52,549 --> 00:00:49,760 stanford 24 00:00:54,549 --> 00:00:52,559 he was a nasa astronaut for 12 years 25 00:00:56,790 --> 00:00:54,559 flew the space shuttle twice 26 00:00:58,869 --> 00:00:56,800 and i believe he was the first flight 27 00:01:01,750 --> 00:00:58,879 engineer on the first american flight 28 00:01:05,109 --> 00:01:01,760 engineer on the russian soyuz 29 00:01:05,910 --> 00:01:05,119 he spent six months on the iss 30 00:01:07,510 --> 00:01:05,920 and 31 00:01:09,510 --> 00:01:07,520 is now program managed for advanced 32 00:01:11,510 --> 00:01:09,520 projects at google 33 00:01:15,030 --> 00:01:11,520 so it's an interesting job transition 34 00:01:16,630 --> 00:01:15,040 and a great perspective for us 35 00:01:17,990 --> 00:01:16,640 second we'll hear from bobby braun who 36 00:01:20,390 --> 00:01:18,000 has a phd in aeronautics and 37 00:01:22,789 --> 00:01:20,400 astronautics from stanford 38 00:01:25,350 --> 00:01:22,799 some 20 years experience in 39 00:01:26,469 --> 00:01:25,360 doing design and analysis of planetary 40 00:01:28,870 --> 00:01:26,479 systems 41 00:01:31,830 --> 00:01:28,880 and that includes the 42 00:01:35,350 --> 00:01:31,840 mars pathfinder missions 43 00:01:37,830 --> 00:01:35,360 he was co-chair of the nrc review of the 44 00:01:40,069 --> 00:01:37,840 nasa institute for advanced concepts 45 00:01:41,910 --> 00:01:40,079 and he's currently nasa's chief 46 00:01:43,990 --> 00:01:41,920 technologist 47 00:01:46,149 --> 00:01:44,000 and then lastly will be doug cook who is 48 00:01:47,749 --> 00:01:46,159 a texas aggie 49 00:01:50,550 --> 00:01:47,759 with a bachelor of science degree in 50 00:01:52,630 --> 00:01:50,560 aerospace engineering he has over 35 51 00:01:54,469 --> 00:01:52,640 years of experience 52 00:01:56,709 --> 00:01:54,479 pretty much covering the main human 53 00:01:59,350 --> 00:01:56,719 space flight programs the space shuttle 54 00:02:00,469 --> 00:01:59,360 the space station and now exploration 55 00:02:02,230 --> 00:02:00,479 programs 56 00:02:04,630 --> 00:02:02,240 he's been assigned 57 00:02:06,149 --> 00:02:04,640 important responsibilities to carry out 58 00:02:09,430 --> 00:02:06,159 the program that 59 00:02:12,229 --> 00:02:09,440 we've heard about 60 00:02:14,309 --> 00:02:12,239 in march of 1993 when nasa undertook the 61 00:02:15,190 --> 00:02:14,319 redesign of the 62 00:02:17,350 --> 00:02:15,200 of 63 00:02:19,190 --> 00:02:17,360 the iss 64 00:02:21,270 --> 00:02:19,200 he led the engineering and technical 65 00:02:23,110 --> 00:02:21,280 aspects of that redesign 66 00:02:26,309 --> 00:02:23,120 he was a nasa technical advisor to the 67 00:02:28,869 --> 00:02:26,319 columbia accident investigation board 68 00:02:31,509 --> 00:02:28,879 and he currently is the associate 69 00:02:33,350 --> 00:02:31,519 administrator for exploration systems 70 00:02:36,229 --> 00:02:33,360 mission 71 00:02:39,990 --> 00:02:36,239 so 72 00:02:41,509 --> 00:02:40,000 thank you all three of you for appearing 73 00:02:45,670 --> 00:02:41,519 and uh 74 00:02:50,710 --> 00:02:48,309 okay i first wanted to uh make the point 75 00:02:52,309 --> 00:02:50,720 that 76 00:02:54,949 --> 00:02:52,319 this is all about innovation in some 77 00:02:55,670 --> 00:02:54,959 sense because i think what 78 00:02:59,750 --> 00:02:55,680 the 79 00:03:01,509 --> 00:02:59,760 states taxpayer really wants out of nasa 80 00:03:03,430 --> 00:03:01,519 is for them to do innovative things that 81 00:03:04,949 --> 00:03:03,440 amaze them right they want them to do 82 00:03:07,509 --> 00:03:04,959 they want to see value for their money 83 00:03:08,470 --> 00:03:07,519 they want to see nasa doing things right 84 00:03:09,910 --> 00:03:08,480 and and 85 00:03:11,270 --> 00:03:09,920 you hear people talking about it i think 86 00:03:12,790 --> 00:03:11,280 the president probably used this word 87 00:03:14,070 --> 00:03:12,800 four or five times in a speech probably 88 00:03:17,190 --> 00:03:14,080 use the word innovation four or five 89 00:03:18,630 --> 00:03:17,200 times and you hear it everywhere and the 90 00:03:21,270 --> 00:03:18,640 question is 91 00:03:23,830 --> 00:03:21,280 how do you drive innovation how do you 92 00:03:25,270 --> 00:03:23,840 get a group you know as large as nasa to 93 00:03:26,710 --> 00:03:25,280 be innovative 94 00:03:28,949 --> 00:03:26,720 and over the years i've come to the 95 00:03:30,949 --> 00:03:28,959 conclusion that 96 00:03:32,550 --> 00:03:30,959 there isn't a 97 00:03:34,710 --> 00:03:32,560 special formula for it but there are 98 00:03:37,589 --> 00:03:34,720 certain things that you can do that make 99 00:03:38,949 --> 00:03:37,599 an innovative environment possible 100 00:03:41,509 --> 00:03:38,959 and 101 00:03:43,830 --> 00:03:41,519 to a large extent i think that is the 102 00:03:46,949 --> 00:03:43,840 ability to move quickly i think 103 00:03:49,190 --> 00:03:46,959 innovation really is speed in a lot of 104 00:03:50,869 --> 00:03:49,200 respects what that means is the ability 105 00:03:53,750 --> 00:03:50,879 to do 106 00:03:56,550 --> 00:03:53,760 tests of things to try new ideas 107 00:03:58,630 --> 00:03:56,560 see what works to iterate 108 00:04:01,350 --> 00:03:58,640 to try things over again and that means 109 00:04:03,110 --> 00:04:01,360 a high pace of operations 110 00:04:04,550 --> 00:04:03,120 at google we use the phrase launch early 111 00:04:07,910 --> 00:04:04,560 launch often 112 00:04:09,350 --> 00:04:07,920 and we use it we apply it to 113 00:04:10,949 --> 00:04:09,360 um 114 00:04:13,190 --> 00:04:10,959 projects that are launching when people 115 00:04:16,550 --> 00:04:13,200 have new ideas you know you can try them 116 00:04:18,069 --> 00:04:16,560 out when you want to modify 117 00:04:33,430 --> 00:04:18,079 a 118 00:04:35,030 --> 00:04:33,440 of effort on 119 00:04:37,350 --> 00:04:35,040 building 120 00:04:40,310 --> 00:04:37,360 the the system such that the launch 121 00:04:43,030 --> 00:04:40,320 process launching a new product 122 00:04:44,710 --> 00:04:43,040 is relatively easy 123 00:04:46,070 --> 00:04:44,720 and 124 00:04:47,670 --> 00:04:46,080 not to say that 125 00:04:49,990 --> 00:04:47,680 the work that's done at nasa is like 126 00:04:52,629 --> 00:04:50,000 software it is completely not 127 00:04:54,230 --> 00:04:52,639 but the concept of building your 128 00:04:58,390 --> 00:04:54,240 infrastructure such that you can do 129 00:05:00,310 --> 00:04:58,400 tests easily and do try ideas easily and 130 00:05:01,909 --> 00:05:00,320 bring them to fruition in you know not 131 00:05:04,390 --> 00:05:01,919 in decades but in 132 00:05:05,590 --> 00:05:04,400 years and see what works and then and 133 00:05:08,310 --> 00:05:05,600 change it 134 00:05:11,189 --> 00:05:08,320 i do think does hold over 135 00:05:14,310 --> 00:05:11,199 in my years at nasa i remember 136 00:05:16,070 --> 00:05:14,320 how often we were in a situation where 137 00:05:17,270 --> 00:05:16,080 we would have a good idea 138 00:05:18,790 --> 00:05:17,280 and and 139 00:05:20,230 --> 00:05:18,800 there would be no way to try it there 140 00:05:21,830 --> 00:05:20,240 would be you know if you could only get 141 00:05:23,350 --> 00:05:21,840 some flight test information we would 142 00:05:25,270 --> 00:05:23,360 have been you know we would have saved 143 00:05:27,189 --> 00:05:25,280 ourselves years of arguing but instead 144 00:05:29,430 --> 00:05:27,199 we may argue about it for years because 145 00:05:30,390 --> 00:05:29,440 there was no flight opportunity 146 00:05:33,830 --> 00:05:30,400 so 147 00:05:36,870 --> 00:05:33,840 i think is really 148 00:05:39,990 --> 00:05:36,880 get yourself to the level of 149 00:05:41,510 --> 00:05:40,000 a you know a rapid development program 150 00:05:43,830 --> 00:05:41,520 and think like a rapid development 151 00:05:45,350 --> 00:05:43,840 program where your time scales are short 152 00:05:47,270 --> 00:05:45,360 you're not necessarily trying to bite 153 00:05:49,350 --> 00:05:47,280 off gigantic chunks but you're trying to 154 00:05:52,150 --> 00:05:49,360 buy lots and lots and lots of small 155 00:05:54,150 --> 00:05:52,160 chunks and build a program around lots 156 00:05:56,469 --> 00:05:54,160 and lots of small chunks 157 00:05:58,870 --> 00:05:56,479 and i think that that is the kind of 158 00:06:00,629 --> 00:05:58,880 mindset that you need to be in to drive 159 00:06:02,550 --> 00:06:00,639 new ideas that's what gets people 160 00:06:04,550 --> 00:06:02,560 thinking that's what gets people excited 161 00:06:06,950 --> 00:06:04,560 when you have this opportunity 162 00:06:07,909 --> 00:06:06,960 to get lots of small victories 163 00:06:09,430 --> 00:06:07,919 and 164 00:06:11,029 --> 00:06:09,440 when you translate that over to nasa 165 00:06:12,469 --> 00:06:11,039 what does that mean 166 00:06:14,629 --> 00:06:12,479 i think the 167 00:06:16,710 --> 00:06:14,639 uh equivalent of what we call launch 168 00:06:18,070 --> 00:06:16,720 infrastructure at google which is you 169 00:06:20,309 --> 00:06:18,080 know the ability to push new code 170 00:06:23,029 --> 00:06:20,319 quickly try tests quickly and so on the 171 00:06:24,710 --> 00:06:23,039 launch infrastructure is really our 172 00:06:26,550 --> 00:06:24,720 at nasa which is real launch 173 00:06:28,070 --> 00:06:26,560 infrastructure which is you know the 174 00:06:29,110 --> 00:06:28,080 launch systems 175 00:06:31,590 --> 00:06:29,120 and 176 00:06:35,430 --> 00:06:31,600 so i would argue that 177 00:06:37,590 --> 00:06:35,440 moving to a an architecture that has 178 00:06:39,670 --> 00:06:37,600 more rapid launches lots of rapid 179 00:06:40,629 --> 00:06:39,680 launches even if they're smaller is 180 00:06:41,830 --> 00:06:40,639 worth 181 00:06:44,469 --> 00:06:41,840 the 182 00:06:46,150 --> 00:06:44,479 payload penalty you take 183 00:06:47,670 --> 00:06:46,160 as you all know the larger the rocket in 184 00:06:48,950 --> 00:06:47,680 general the larger the payload fraction 185 00:06:50,870 --> 00:06:48,960 but you're going to take a payload 186 00:06:54,309 --> 00:06:50,880 penalty from doing this but i think you 187 00:06:56,469 --> 00:06:54,319 jane in an innovation uh bonus 188 00:06:58,870 --> 00:06:56,479 in that you now have engineers have the 189 00:07:00,790 --> 00:06:58,880 ability to try things 190 00:07:02,390 --> 00:07:00,800 much more easily much more rapidly and 191 00:07:04,309 --> 00:07:02,400 without as much 192 00:07:06,870 --> 00:07:04,319 sort of risk of failure 193 00:07:08,629 --> 00:07:06,880 if you if you set up your mission such 194 00:07:10,309 --> 00:07:08,639 that you know maybe you've got a mission 195 00:07:11,749 --> 00:07:10,319 every six months or one year when you're 196 00:07:13,990 --> 00:07:11,759 or maybe every two years you've got a 197 00:07:14,950 --> 00:07:14,000 test opportunity for your team boy 198 00:07:16,390 --> 00:07:14,960 you're not going to try anything 199 00:07:17,909 --> 00:07:16,400 terribly exciting 200 00:07:19,589 --> 00:07:17,919 because if you only get a test 201 00:07:20,469 --> 00:07:19,599 opportunity every couple of years you 202 00:07:22,629 --> 00:07:20,479 know 203 00:07:24,070 --> 00:07:22,639 you you better make sure that you don't 204 00:07:25,589 --> 00:07:24,080 try to you know you don't do something 205 00:07:26,710 --> 00:07:25,599 too outlandish because your next 206 00:07:28,629 --> 00:07:26,720 opportunity doesn't come up for a few 207 00:07:31,830 --> 00:07:28,639 more years and i've seen that mentality 208 00:07:33,749 --> 00:07:31,840 at nasa and 209 00:07:35,110 --> 00:07:33,759 i think that that 210 00:07:37,350 --> 00:07:35,120 the way to change that is through a 211 00:07:40,150 --> 00:07:37,360 structural change 212 00:07:42,150 --> 00:07:40,160 i would i think that 213 00:07:45,110 --> 00:07:42,160 to translate that back to launchers 214 00:07:47,110 --> 00:07:45,120 perhaps a medium-scale launcher 215 00:07:49,350 --> 00:07:47,120 you know perhaps a little bit larger 216 00:07:51,430 --> 00:07:49,360 than a soyuz uh or perhaps you know up 217 00:07:54,230 --> 00:07:51,440 to double the size of soyuz 218 00:07:55,830 --> 00:07:54,240 that sort of class launcher but 219 00:07:58,469 --> 00:07:55,840 where the requirement was placed on it 220 00:08:01,029 --> 00:07:58,479 that it could launch very very rapidly 221 00:08:02,070 --> 00:08:01,039 without using up all of nasa's resources 222 00:08:04,150 --> 00:08:02,080 and you know you get a lot of 223 00:08:06,390 --> 00:08:04,160 operational scale 224 00:08:09,270 --> 00:08:06,400 from doing that the other advantage to 225 00:08:10,629 --> 00:08:09,280 this is not just in the development side 226 00:08:12,309 --> 00:08:10,639 of things the development side of 227 00:08:13,670 --> 00:08:12,319 payloads and things in deep space which 228 00:08:14,950 --> 00:08:13,680 is really what nasa should be doing and 229 00:08:16,629 --> 00:08:14,960 we heard today 230 00:08:17,430 --> 00:08:16,639 but from the pure operational side of 231 00:08:19,510 --> 00:08:17,440 things 232 00:08:21,189 --> 00:08:19,520 the faster you get the better you get at 233 00:08:23,189 --> 00:08:21,199 being faster 234 00:08:25,110 --> 00:08:23,199 you know that and we see that here at 235 00:08:27,350 --> 00:08:25,120 right here at kennedy space center when 236 00:08:28,469 --> 00:08:27,360 our launch rate was low things became 237 00:08:32,630 --> 00:08:28,479 difficult 238 00:08:34,230 --> 00:08:32,640 launch teams the launch prep teams 239 00:08:35,350 --> 00:08:34,240 everything became more difficult because 240 00:08:37,589 --> 00:08:35,360 they weren't 241 00:08:38,630 --> 00:08:37,599 in a an operational 242 00:08:40,310 --> 00:08:38,640 tempo 243 00:08:41,990 --> 00:08:40,320 actually the faster things got up to 244 00:08:44,230 --> 00:08:42,000 some limit 245 00:08:45,509 --> 00:08:44,240 uh things get better of course there's 246 00:08:47,269 --> 00:08:45,519 there's something there you can go too 247 00:08:49,670 --> 00:08:47,279 fast for any given system 248 00:08:51,509 --> 00:08:49,680 and and shuttle did run up against that 249 00:08:53,590 --> 00:08:51,519 some years ago shuttle's limit is 250 00:08:54,550 --> 00:08:53,600 perhaps about seven or so flights per 251 00:08:56,230 --> 00:08:54,560 year 252 00:08:59,190 --> 00:08:56,240 for that particular system but what that 253 00:09:01,430 --> 00:08:59,200 means is that you should place the 254 00:09:03,750 --> 00:09:01,440 design requirement on your systems such 255 00:09:05,910 --> 00:09:03,760 that you can reach a high 256 00:09:08,310 --> 00:09:05,920 operational piece i think that we should 257 00:09:10,230 --> 00:09:08,320 be shooting for something like you know 258 00:09:12,310 --> 00:09:10,240 once every week once every two weeks 259 00:09:14,949 --> 00:09:12,320 that sort of type of tempo 260 00:09:16,870 --> 00:09:14,959 with our requirements and for real i 261 00:09:18,870 --> 00:09:16,880 know they talked about that for shuttle 262 00:09:20,310 --> 00:09:18,880 back then uh back 263 00:09:22,470 --> 00:09:20,320 30 years ago 264 00:09:24,470 --> 00:09:22,480 and i think that there was some 265 00:09:26,470 --> 00:09:24,480 uh fudging of numbers when they people 266 00:09:28,630 --> 00:09:26,480 said that the shuttle would launch was 267 00:09:30,550 --> 00:09:28,640 capable of launching that that 268 00:09:31,269 --> 00:09:30,560 frequently because it really wasn't 269 00:09:33,750 --> 00:09:31,279 but 270 00:09:35,110 --> 00:09:33,760 if you go to a simplified system a soyuz 271 00:09:37,030 --> 00:09:35,120 type system but you know an 272 00:09:38,630 --> 00:09:37,040 american-made soyuz system i think we 273 00:09:42,550 --> 00:09:38,640 could do wonderful things with that so 274 00:09:46,949 --> 00:09:45,910 very good thank you very much bye 275 00:09:48,790 --> 00:09:46,959 great 276 00:09:50,389 --> 00:09:48,800 i'll see so 277 00:09:51,509 --> 00:09:50,399 first of all good afternoon 278 00:09:53,350 --> 00:09:51,519 um 279 00:09:55,590 --> 00:09:53,360 so i'm at nasa now and so i had to make 280 00:09:57,030 --> 00:09:55,600 some slides 281 00:09:59,190 --> 00:09:57,040 so uh 282 00:10:00,870 --> 00:09:59,200 is there a way we can project them or 283 00:10:03,350 --> 00:10:00,880 would you rather i just talk oh great 284 00:10:04,710 --> 00:10:03,360 and why don't we go to the next one 285 00:10:07,829 --> 00:10:04,720 it's one of the things i learned that we 286 00:10:09,509 --> 00:10:07,839 do in the government we make good slides 287 00:10:11,750 --> 00:10:09,519 next slide please 288 00:10:13,829 --> 00:10:11,760 yeah so i've been thinking a lot about 289 00:10:15,430 --> 00:10:13,839 uh technology in these last few months 290 00:10:18,230 --> 00:10:15,440 i've been thinking a lot 291 00:10:20,150 --> 00:10:18,240 in particular about nasa's technology 292 00:10:22,949 --> 00:10:20,160 programs 293 00:10:23,829 --> 00:10:22,959 and i wanted to start by 294 00:10:25,430 --> 00:10:23,839 putting 295 00:10:28,550 --> 00:10:25,440 some of these technology discussions 296 00:10:30,630 --> 00:10:28,560 perhaps into a larger context 297 00:10:33,030 --> 00:10:30,640 what is on this slide 298 00:10:35,829 --> 00:10:33,040 are the recommendations from a number of 299 00:10:37,590 --> 00:10:35,839 uh reports or guidance uh recent 300 00:10:39,829 --> 00:10:37,600 guidance from congress 301 00:10:41,430 --> 00:10:39,839 uh and what i've been doing in my job as 302 00:10:42,710 --> 00:10:41,440 many of you know i've started just a few 303 00:10:45,829 --> 00:10:42,720 months ago 304 00:10:47,670 --> 00:10:45,839 what i've been doing is reading 305 00:10:50,150 --> 00:10:47,680 technology and about how nasa did 306 00:10:52,069 --> 00:10:50,160 technology in the past and how nasa has 307 00:10:53,829 --> 00:10:52,079 a possibility of doing innovation and 308 00:10:55,269 --> 00:10:53,839 technology in the future 309 00:10:57,030 --> 00:10:55,279 and a couple things have jumped out at 310 00:10:58,829 --> 00:10:57,040 me uh the first is illustrated on this 311 00:11:01,350 --> 00:10:58,839 slide there's been a very 312 00:11:03,269 --> 00:11:01,360 consistent set of external 313 00:11:05,430 --> 00:11:03,279 recommendations 314 00:11:06,550 --> 00:11:05,440 coming from a number of reports 315 00:11:08,230 --> 00:11:06,560 including 316 00:11:10,069 --> 00:11:08,240 norm's report most recently on the 317 00:11:13,190 --> 00:11:10,079 bottom of this slide 318 00:11:14,790 --> 00:11:13,200 a couple of nrc reports 319 00:11:16,389 --> 00:11:14,800 actually prior to the two that are on 320 00:11:18,389 --> 00:11:16,399 this that are listed here on this slide 321 00:11:20,470 --> 00:11:18,399 there was an nrc report done about a 322 00:11:21,430 --> 00:11:20,480 year earlier that pointed out how 323 00:11:22,949 --> 00:11:21,440 limited 324 00:11:25,430 --> 00:11:22,959 uh and how 325 00:11:27,910 --> 00:11:25,440 lacking nasa's technology investments 326 00:11:31,350 --> 00:11:27,920 were these two nrc reports with which 327 00:11:33,350 --> 00:11:31,360 both came out in uh 2009 uh one is 328 00:11:35,430 --> 00:11:33,360 called america's future in space and the 329 00:11:37,110 --> 00:11:35,440 other is a review of the nasa institut 330 00:11:39,750 --> 00:11:37,120 of advanced concepts 331 00:11:42,470 --> 00:11:39,760 both pointed out the importance of 332 00:11:44,550 --> 00:11:42,480 technology and innovation for nasa and 333 00:11:47,110 --> 00:11:44,560 in fact for the age for the nation 334 00:11:49,190 --> 00:11:47,120 through nasa uh in fact both both of 335 00:11:51,430 --> 00:11:49,200 these committees pointed out that nasa 336 00:11:54,150 --> 00:11:51,440 over the past decade had been 337 00:11:57,110 --> 00:11:54,160 effectively eating its seed corn uh 338 00:11:59,990 --> 00:11:57,120 eating its uh its investments in the 339 00:12:01,110 --> 00:12:00,000 future uh by being perhaps too mission 340 00:12:03,030 --> 00:12:01,120 focused 341 00:12:05,190 --> 00:12:03,040 uh at the top of this slide i also have 342 00:12:07,990 --> 00:12:05,200 listed the nasa authorization act of 343 00:12:09,509 --> 00:12:08,000 2008 where congress actually came to 344 00:12:10,790 --> 00:12:09,519 this conclusion 345 00:12:12,470 --> 00:12:10,800 and spoke 346 00:12:14,870 --> 00:12:12,480 very clearly about the importance of 347 00:12:17,350 --> 00:12:14,880 technology investment in nasa can we go 348 00:12:18,629 --> 00:12:17,360 to the next slide please 349 00:12:21,350 --> 00:12:18,639 the reading that i've been doing has 350 00:12:23,990 --> 00:12:21,360 also been fascinating this slide here 351 00:12:26,470 --> 00:12:24,000 illustrates a number of reports very 352 00:12:29,269 --> 00:12:26,480 high level very a number of presidential 353 00:12:31,350 --> 00:12:29,279 commissions uh several internal nasa 354 00:12:32,629 --> 00:12:31,360 studies dating all the way back if you 355 00:12:34,310 --> 00:12:32,639 look on the right 356 00:12:36,790 --> 00:12:34,320 uh to the apollo 357 00:12:40,150 --> 00:12:36,800 to the post apollo uh space task group 358 00:12:42,310 --> 00:12:40,160 in 1969 and then jumping into the 80s 359 00:12:44,470 --> 00:12:42,320 with a number of reports like pioneering 360 00:12:48,069 --> 00:12:44,480 the space frontier 361 00:12:50,470 --> 00:12:48,079 the sally ride report on leadership 362 00:12:52,710 --> 00:12:50,480 norm augustine's first report 363 00:12:54,629 --> 00:12:52,720 and then most recently as you move to 364 00:12:57,190 --> 00:12:54,639 the left uh some of the more recent 365 00:12:58,069 --> 00:12:57,200 reports including the latest augustine 366 00:13:00,150 --> 00:12:58,079 report 367 00:13:01,030 --> 00:13:00,160 uh what's fascinating to me are a couple 368 00:13:03,590 --> 00:13:01,040 points 369 00:13:05,990 --> 00:13:03,600 what i've done here is uh listed the 370 00:13:08,310 --> 00:13:06,000 technologies or the capabilities that 371 00:13:09,590 --> 00:13:08,320 are called out in these reports each of 372 00:13:11,670 --> 00:13:09,600 these reports goes through and 373 00:13:13,430 --> 00:13:11,680 identifies in great detail the 374 00:13:15,910 --> 00:13:13,440 capabilities that are lacking and the 375 00:13:17,990 --> 00:13:15,920 capabilities that need to be invested in 376 00:13:19,350 --> 00:13:18,000 for nasa to advance beyond low earth 377 00:13:21,590 --> 00:13:19,360 orbit 378 00:13:24,230 --> 00:13:21,600 they identify the capabilities and the 379 00:13:26,069 --> 00:13:24,240 technology investments needed for nasa 380 00:13:28,310 --> 00:13:26,079 to go to all the places that you heard 381 00:13:30,949 --> 00:13:28,320 the president speak about today and all 382 00:13:33,350 --> 00:13:30,959 the places that we in this room and as 383 00:13:35,030 --> 00:13:33,360 aerospace engineers or folks interested 384 00:13:36,550 --> 00:13:35,040 in our spacecraft program have been 385 00:13:38,870 --> 00:13:36,560 talking about 386 00:13:41,829 --> 00:13:38,880 really for decades and what you see here 387 00:13:43,670 --> 00:13:41,839 is a marvelous uh consistency among 388 00:13:45,829 --> 00:13:43,680 these reports 389 00:13:47,110 --> 00:13:45,839 that speaks to a couple of things to me 390 00:13:49,910 --> 00:13:47,120 first of all 391 00:13:52,470 --> 00:13:49,920 there are clearly some very well defined 392 00:13:54,069 --> 00:13:52,480 capability areas that nasa does need to 393 00:13:56,230 --> 00:13:54,079 invest in if we're going to go beyond 394 00:13:57,829 --> 00:13:56,240 low earth orbit a number of independent 395 00:13:59,110 --> 00:13:57,839 panels have all come to that same 396 00:14:00,949 --> 00:13:59,120 conclusion 397 00:14:03,110 --> 00:14:00,959 second of all and this is perhaps the 398 00:14:05,110 --> 00:14:03,120 disappointing part for me 399 00:14:06,949 --> 00:14:05,120 the technologies and capabilities that 400 00:14:10,710 --> 00:14:06,959 are called for in a report like 401 00:14:12,550 --> 00:14:10,720 pioneering the space frontier from 1986 402 00:14:14,629 --> 00:14:12,560 are actually quite similar to the 403 00:14:16,470 --> 00:14:14,639 technologies and capabilities called for 404 00:14:18,949 --> 00:14:16,480 in the augustine report of just this 405 00:14:21,990 --> 00:14:18,959 past year and that to me speaks to the 406 00:14:23,430 --> 00:14:22,000 lack of progress that we've made 407 00:14:26,550 --> 00:14:23,440 of these reports 408 00:14:28,230 --> 00:14:26,560 my favorite is actually uh sorry norm 409 00:14:31,670 --> 00:14:28,240 my favorite is actually pioneering the 410 00:14:34,870 --> 00:14:31,680 space frontier from 1986 411 00:14:36,710 --> 00:14:34,880 i would encourage any of you that are 412 00:14:38,949 --> 00:14:36,720 you know in college in high school that 413 00:14:40,870 --> 00:14:38,959 are maybe listening today 414 00:14:43,590 --> 00:14:40,880 or watching this to get a hold of that 415 00:14:45,670 --> 00:14:43,600 report it's really remarkable 416 00:14:48,629 --> 00:14:45,680 the way that report starts out 417 00:14:50,949 --> 00:14:48,639 is with technology the very first page 418 00:14:52,790 --> 00:14:50,959 talks about the importance of technology 419 00:14:54,949 --> 00:14:52,800 in fact what they do in that report is 420 00:14:57,670 --> 00:14:54,959 they start by talking about the way it 421 00:15:00,069 --> 00:14:57,680 was in this country in 1935 422 00:15:02,870 --> 00:15:00,079 1935 we were just beginning 423 00:15:04,790 --> 00:15:02,880 transcontinental air travel 424 00:15:07,189 --> 00:15:04,800 we were still actually delivering some 425 00:15:08,389 --> 00:15:07,199 mail not very much but some mail by pony 426 00:15:10,310 --> 00:15:08,399 express 427 00:15:12,150 --> 00:15:10,320 and it jumps forward 50 years into the 428 00:15:15,750 --> 00:15:12,160 future to the time that that report was 429 00:15:17,590 --> 00:15:15,760 written in 1985 and it talks about 430 00:15:19,430 --> 00:15:17,600 all the technologies many that have come 431 00:15:22,230 --> 00:15:19,440 about through our space program 432 00:15:24,870 --> 00:15:22,240 navigation technologies uh prediction of 433 00:15:27,509 --> 00:15:24,880 weather technologies uh and many other 434 00:15:29,749 --> 00:15:27,519 technologies that you know nobody in 435 00:15:31,110 --> 00:15:29,759 1935 would have been able to predict 436 00:15:33,509 --> 00:15:31,120 these are largely what i would call 437 00:15:35,430 --> 00:15:33,519 disruptive technologies some of them had 438 00:15:37,350 --> 00:15:35,440 plans and had road maps and were you 439 00:15:39,749 --> 00:15:37,360 know well funded others were things that 440 00:15:40,870 --> 00:15:39,759 just came about through largely through 441 00:15:42,710 --> 00:15:40,880 innovation 442 00:15:44,550 --> 00:15:42,720 the report then talks about the year 443 00:15:46,550 --> 00:15:44,560 2035 444 00:15:48,069 --> 00:15:46,560 and it says what are the technologies 445 00:15:51,670 --> 00:15:48,079 and what are the missions that will be 446 00:15:54,629 --> 00:15:51,680 available that will be possible in 2035 447 00:15:56,710 --> 00:15:54,639 and i think in 1985 that panel had a 448 00:15:58,310 --> 00:15:56,720 hard time identifying that just you know 449 00:16:01,189 --> 00:15:58,320 just just like it would be hard for 450 00:16:05,749 --> 00:16:01,199 someone from 1935 to predict the future 451 00:16:08,389 --> 00:16:05,759 of 1985. it's hard in 1985 or even today 452 00:16:09,990 --> 00:16:08,399 to predict the future of 2035 453 00:16:12,710 --> 00:16:10,000 and one last thing i want to say about 454 00:16:15,350 --> 00:16:12,720 2035 which i get from that report and 455 00:16:17,829 --> 00:16:15,360 also from the president's remarks today 456 00:16:19,189 --> 00:16:17,839 it's important to realize that 457 00:16:20,550 --> 00:16:19,199 the students in our nation's 458 00:16:22,790 --> 00:16:20,560 universities 459 00:16:26,150 --> 00:16:22,800 will be two-thirds of the way through 460 00:16:27,749 --> 00:16:26,160 their professional career in 2035. none 461 00:16:30,150 --> 00:16:27,759 of us at this table will be sitting at a 462 00:16:31,670 --> 00:16:30,160 table like this right there'll be others 463 00:16:33,030 --> 00:16:31,680 and they're in universities today and 464 00:16:34,310 --> 00:16:33,040 they'll be two-thirds of the way through 465 00:16:36,710 --> 00:16:34,320 their career 466 00:16:38,870 --> 00:16:36,720 my son is in ninth grade my daughters 467 00:16:40,870 --> 00:16:38,880 are in middle school they'll be halfway 468 00:16:42,470 --> 00:16:40,880 through their professional careers in 469 00:16:44,710 --> 00:16:42,480 2035. 470 00:16:46,389 --> 00:16:44,720 we need to invest in technologies not 471 00:16:48,550 --> 00:16:46,399 just for what it will bring to our space 472 00:16:50,949 --> 00:16:48,560 program today but we need to invest in 473 00:16:53,189 --> 00:16:50,959 technologies for the capabilities that 474 00:16:54,790 --> 00:16:53,199 it will give that generation to do the 475 00:16:56,470 --> 00:16:54,800 things that we would like to do and that 476 00:16:59,350 --> 00:16:56,480 are talked about in many of these 477 00:17:02,150 --> 00:16:59,360 reports next slide please 478 00:17:04,789 --> 00:17:02,160 uh this is one of my favorite slides 479 00:17:07,189 --> 00:17:04,799 it actually originated uh at the johnson 480 00:17:10,150 --> 00:17:07,199 space center many years ago uh and it 481 00:17:11,990 --> 00:17:10,160 shows in my view the value of technology 482 00:17:14,230 --> 00:17:12,000 which this is a slide which shows the 483 00:17:15,990 --> 00:17:14,240 mass requirements for a human mars 484 00:17:18,069 --> 00:17:16,000 mission which we heard a little bit 485 00:17:20,549 --> 00:17:18,079 about today and which we all know is 486 00:17:22,230 --> 00:17:20,559 perhaps the grand challenge for human 487 00:17:24,470 --> 00:17:22,240 exploration it's not something we're 488 00:17:25,990 --> 00:17:24,480 going to do soon but it is something we 489 00:17:28,309 --> 00:17:26,000 all want to do 490 00:17:30,870 --> 00:17:28,319 and what's plotted there is the mass 491 00:17:32,870 --> 00:17:30,880 required not on the surface of the earth 492 00:17:35,110 --> 00:17:32,880 to start that mission but the mass 493 00:17:37,190 --> 00:17:35,120 required in low earth orbit just to 494 00:17:39,270 --> 00:17:37,200 begin to send humans to mars and have 495 00:17:42,070 --> 00:17:39,280 the capability to return them home 496 00:17:45,270 --> 00:17:42,080 safely and what i think is so striking 497 00:17:47,510 --> 00:17:45,280 is the y-axis right it's plotted in 498 00:17:50,310 --> 00:17:47,520 units of international space station 499 00:17:53,110 --> 00:17:50,320 mass at core complete we're almost there 500 00:17:54,710 --> 00:17:53,120 we're almost at one today 501 00:17:57,029 --> 00:17:54,720 and what you see here is that without an 502 00:17:59,190 --> 00:17:57,039 investment in technology this mission 503 00:18:01,750 --> 00:17:59,200 would require something on the order of 504 00:18:04,070 --> 00:18:01,760 12 international space stations in low 505 00:18:05,830 --> 00:18:04,080 earth orbit 506 00:18:07,029 --> 00:18:05,840 to be honest that i don't believe that's 507 00:18:09,110 --> 00:18:07,039 feasible 508 00:18:11,430 --> 00:18:09,120 uh and in fact that's that's quite a 509 00:18:12,470 --> 00:18:11,440 hard sell in in washington i'm finding 510 00:18:15,110 --> 00:18:12,480 out 511 00:18:17,029 --> 00:18:15,120 but through technology investment and a 512 00:18:19,110 --> 00:18:17,039 number of the technologies required are 513 00:18:20,950 --> 00:18:19,120 listed on this slide you can see that we 514 00:18:23,750 --> 00:18:20,960 could bring those mass requirements down 515 00:18:25,830 --> 00:18:23,760 from 12 to something like two 516 00:18:27,190 --> 00:18:25,840 international space station masses now 517 00:18:28,470 --> 00:18:27,200 let me tell you that's still quite a 518 00:18:30,470 --> 00:18:28,480 challenge right that's not something 519 00:18:32,950 --> 00:18:30,480 that we can just snap our fingers and 520 00:18:34,070 --> 00:18:32,960 say well that's a done deal right it's 521 00:18:35,990 --> 00:18:34,080 taken us 522 00:18:38,549 --> 00:18:36,000 close to a decade to get to one 523 00:18:41,029 --> 00:18:38,559 international space station mass so two 524 00:18:42,710 --> 00:18:41,039 is still a grand challenge but it's in 525 00:18:44,630 --> 00:18:42,720 the realm of feasibility that we can 526 00:18:47,350 --> 00:18:44,640 actually talk about it 527 00:18:49,510 --> 00:18:47,360 and it's uh i think a very clear example 528 00:18:51,190 --> 00:18:49,520 of the kind of capabilities that would 529 00:18:53,830 --> 00:18:51,200 be enabled through an advanced 530 00:18:55,909 --> 00:18:53,840 technology program like the one that i 531 00:18:57,750 --> 00:18:55,919 and doug are going to talk about today 532 00:19:00,150 --> 00:18:57,760 next slide 533 00:19:01,990 --> 00:19:00,160 this is a summary of all of the nasa 534 00:19:04,549 --> 00:19:02,000 technology programs that we've been 535 00:19:06,230 --> 00:19:04,559 putting together it's an integra in that 536 00:19:08,150 --> 00:19:06,240 relate to human space flight i should 537 00:19:09,750 --> 00:19:08,160 say not those pertaining perhaps to 538 00:19:11,510 --> 00:19:09,760 aeronautics or the science mission 539 00:19:13,190 --> 00:19:11,520 directorate 540 00:19:15,350 --> 00:19:13,200 this is a summary of the technology 541 00:19:17,510 --> 00:19:15,360 programs both within the office of the 542 00:19:19,590 --> 00:19:17,520 chief technologist that i've been 543 00:19:21,430 --> 00:19:19,600 organizing and those that doug has been 544 00:19:22,789 --> 00:19:21,440 organizing in the exploration systems 545 00:19:24,230 --> 00:19:22,799 mission directorate 546 00:19:26,710 --> 00:19:24,240 and what i want to point out here is 547 00:19:29,430 --> 00:19:26,720 we're investing in a broad portfolio of 548 00:19:32,150 --> 00:19:29,440 technologies through a range of 549 00:19:35,029 --> 00:19:32,160 technology programs we actually need a 550 00:19:36,950 --> 00:19:35,039 diverse set of technology programs we 551 00:19:38,789 --> 00:19:36,960 need technologies that span if you look 552 00:19:40,549 --> 00:19:38,799 at the bar on the bottom 553 00:19:43,190 --> 00:19:40,559 we need technologies that span the 554 00:19:45,110 --> 00:19:43,200 entire technology readiness level all 555 00:19:47,350 --> 00:19:45,120 the way from paper studies of advanced 556 00:19:50,470 --> 00:19:47,360 visionary concepts 557 00:19:52,230 --> 00:19:50,480 through flight and flight testing of 558 00:19:54,549 --> 00:19:52,240 important technologies that will that 559 00:19:56,710 --> 00:19:54,559 will end up one day on missions 560 00:19:59,029 --> 00:19:56,720 we need technologies that are planned 561 00:20:00,950 --> 00:19:59,039 from the top down where we set high 562 00:20:03,190 --> 00:20:00,960 level goals for our human exploration 563 00:20:05,350 --> 00:20:03,200 enterprise we translate that goals into 564 00:20:07,750 --> 00:20:05,360 architectures and missions from missions 565 00:20:09,830 --> 00:20:07,760 to spacecraft and technologies and then 566 00:20:11,830 --> 00:20:09,840 we have a nice flow down that we can 567 00:20:14,630 --> 00:20:11,840 plan certain technologies and best 568 00:20:17,190 --> 00:20:14,640 investments but we also need disruptive 569 00:20:19,590 --> 00:20:17,200 technologies we need to invest in 570 00:20:22,390 --> 00:20:19,600 research and technology in a broad 571 00:20:23,350 --> 00:20:22,400 portfolio approach because we don't know 572 00:20:25,590 --> 00:20:23,360 every 573 00:20:27,909 --> 00:20:25,600 advance that's going to be made over the 574 00:20:30,710 --> 00:20:27,919 next couple decades just like the folks 575 00:20:32,870 --> 00:20:30,720 doing looking back at 1935 certainly 576 00:20:35,990 --> 00:20:32,880 couldn't predict every technology 577 00:20:39,190 --> 00:20:36,000 advance in particular you know this one 578 00:20:40,789 --> 00:20:39,200 uh the communicator from star trek right 579 00:20:42,789 --> 00:20:40,799 um you know that was a hard one to 580 00:20:45,270 --> 00:20:42,799 predict that would come to fruition the 581 00:20:46,710 --> 00:20:45,280 internet would be another great example 582 00:20:48,870 --> 00:20:46,720 for ed 583 00:20:51,990 --> 00:20:48,880 i didn't do it i know you didn't do it 584 00:20:54,470 --> 00:20:52,000 but still i use it yes we all use it so 585 00:20:56,390 --> 00:20:54,480 what we actually need in nasa is a range 586 00:20:58,710 --> 00:20:56,400 of programs that span 587 00:21:00,390 --> 00:20:58,720 all the way from concept to flight and 588 00:21:01,669 --> 00:21:00,400 through these programs that's what we're 589 00:21:02,870 --> 00:21:01,679 going to do we're going to take a number 590 00:21:04,070 --> 00:21:02,880 of the technologies that have been 591 00:21:06,390 --> 00:21:04,080 studied 592 00:21:08,950 --> 00:21:06,400 frankly for decades now and that have 593 00:21:09,909 --> 00:21:08,960 remained in the realm of paper study and 594 00:21:11,669 --> 00:21:09,919 we're going to take them into 595 00:21:13,990 --> 00:21:11,679 laboratories we're going to prove them 596 00:21:16,070 --> 00:21:14,000 out the prove the fundamental physics 597 00:21:18,230 --> 00:21:16,080 that are holding those technologies back 598 00:21:20,470 --> 00:21:18,240 take them into flight in a relevant 599 00:21:22,950 --> 00:21:20,480 environment and make them real so that 600 00:21:25,190 --> 00:21:22,960 they can be adopted by our missions next 601 00:21:29,350 --> 00:21:25,200 slide 602 00:21:31,590 --> 00:21:29,360 to bother you with all the details but 603 00:21:32,789 --> 00:21:31,600 there is uh there is one point that i do 604 00:21:35,669 --> 00:21:32,799 want to make here 605 00:21:37,029 --> 00:21:35,679 uh and the point really is is that 606 00:21:39,110 --> 00:21:37,039 in my view 607 00:21:40,710 --> 00:21:39,120 what the president's budget request 608 00:21:42,310 --> 00:21:40,720 really represents 609 00:21:45,430 --> 00:21:42,320 is a balancing 610 00:21:47,990 --> 00:21:45,440 of nasa's three core competencies these 611 00:21:51,270 --> 00:21:48,000 are long-standing competencies that nasa 612 00:21:53,430 --> 00:21:51,280 has had since its uh since its creation 613 00:21:55,270 --> 00:21:53,440 in 1958. 614 00:21:57,750 --> 00:21:55,280 these are the technologies one of 615 00:22:00,310 --> 00:21:57,760 research and technology which has long 616 00:22:03,430 --> 00:22:00,320 been an underpinning of nasa 617 00:22:05,830 --> 00:22:03,440 of space flight hardware development 618 00:22:07,190 --> 00:22:05,840 and of mission operations and when i 619 00:22:09,110 --> 00:22:07,200 look at what the president's putting 620 00:22:11,430 --> 00:22:09,120 forward and i hear the president speak 621 00:22:14,070 --> 00:22:11,440 about technology and innovation what i 622 00:22:16,549 --> 00:22:14,080 see is really a balancing of that where 623 00:22:19,350 --> 00:22:16,559 research and technology 624 00:22:21,750 --> 00:22:19,360 is brought back up into perhaps in my 625 00:22:23,270 --> 00:22:21,760 view at least the proper balance with 626 00:22:27,270 --> 00:22:23,280 those other two very important 627 00:22:29,029 --> 00:22:27,280 competencies of nasa 628 00:22:31,190 --> 00:22:29,039 by in doing so 629 00:22:34,390 --> 00:22:31,200 what what that will enable 630 00:22:36,549 --> 00:22:34,400 is uh new approaches to net to nasa's 631 00:22:39,029 --> 00:22:36,559 current mission set or entirely new 632 00:22:42,070 --> 00:22:39,039 missions altogether it will allow nasa 633 00:22:44,390 --> 00:22:42,080 to be part of the innovation engine uh 634 00:22:46,710 --> 00:22:44,400 within our within this country for nasa 635 00:22:49,029 --> 00:22:46,720 to sit if you will at par at the at the 636 00:22:51,510 --> 00:22:49,039 grown-ups table with the other research 637 00:22:54,149 --> 00:22:51,520 and development organizations uh that 638 00:22:56,870 --> 00:22:54,159 make a part of our federal government 639 00:22:58,710 --> 00:22:56,880 and it's for those reasons that i think 640 00:23:01,830 --> 00:22:58,720 frankly that it's the right approach can 641 00:23:05,350 --> 00:23:03,750 i want to take just a minute and talk 642 00:23:06,630 --> 00:23:05,360 about the space technology program 643 00:23:08,870 --> 00:23:06,640 because doug is going to go into much 644 00:23:11,270 --> 00:23:08,880 more detail into the exploration system 645 00:23:14,310 --> 00:23:11,280 mission directorate technology programs 646 00:23:16,149 --> 00:23:14,320 the space technology program was set up 647 00:23:19,430 --> 00:23:16,159 principally to be what i call a 648 00:23:21,110 --> 00:23:19,440 technology push program all right it's 649 00:23:23,510 --> 00:23:21,120 not a program where we're going to be 650 00:23:25,510 --> 00:23:23,520 investing in technologies for the next 651 00:23:27,750 --> 00:23:25,520 mission in fact if if there is a 652 00:23:30,149 --> 00:23:27,760 technology for the very next mission in 653 00:23:32,070 --> 00:23:30,159 my view that should be uh 654 00:23:34,070 --> 00:23:32,080 sponsored by one of the nasa mission 655 00:23:36,549 --> 00:23:34,080 directorates the space technology 656 00:23:38,789 --> 00:23:36,559 program is set up to be outside 657 00:23:41,710 --> 00:23:38,799 the mission directorates and to look at 658 00:23:44,149 --> 00:23:41,720 what i might call broadly applicable or 659 00:23:45,909 --> 00:23:44,159 non-mission-focused technologies 660 00:23:48,070 --> 00:23:45,919 these are technologies that could impact 661 00:23:51,269 --> 00:23:48,080 a wide variety of customers and could 662 00:23:53,669 --> 00:23:51,279 affect a large number of nasa missions 663 00:23:55,830 --> 00:23:53,679 missions of other government agencies 664 00:23:58,310 --> 00:23:55,840 and industry missions now the space 665 00:24:00,630 --> 00:23:58,320 technology program is set up with three 666 00:24:02,630 --> 00:24:00,640 major divisions we have an early stage 667 00:24:05,110 --> 00:24:02,640 innovation component and this is a 668 00:24:07,830 --> 00:24:05,120 component that has been lacking 669 00:24:09,510 --> 00:24:07,840 for a number of years in nasa 670 00:24:12,230 --> 00:24:09,520 and this component is going to go out 671 00:24:15,190 --> 00:24:12,240 and seek the best ideas wherever those 672 00:24:16,149 --> 00:24:15,200 ideas may be visionary concepts of our 673 00:24:18,789 --> 00:24:16,159 future 674 00:24:21,110 --> 00:24:18,799 the game changing technology program is 675 00:24:23,029 --> 00:24:21,120 going to take the some of those concepts 676 00:24:25,190 --> 00:24:23,039 and the and take that little bit of 677 00:24:27,110 --> 00:24:25,200 physics that's holding that concept back 678 00:24:28,789 --> 00:24:27,120 and prove it in flight 679 00:24:31,110 --> 00:24:28,799 and the final piece the cross-cutting 680 00:24:32,870 --> 00:24:31,120 capabilities program is going to take 681 00:24:35,430 --> 00:24:32,880 some of those technologies that we prove 682 00:24:37,510 --> 00:24:35,440 in the lab and prove them uh take them 683 00:24:39,830 --> 00:24:37,520 into flight in the relevant environment 684 00:24:44,070 --> 00:24:39,840 next slide please 685 00:24:46,710 --> 00:24:44,080 um it's this program is set up uh to 686 00:24:49,190 --> 00:24:46,720 to work in a competitive manner 687 00:24:50,789 --> 00:24:49,200 all of the almost all of the awards are 688 00:24:52,390 --> 00:24:50,799 going to be made competitively it's 689 00:24:56,310 --> 00:24:52,400 going to be an open process that 690 00:24:58,549 --> 00:24:56,320 involves industry academia nasa centers 691 00:25:00,149 --> 00:24:58,559 the other government labs 692 00:25:01,909 --> 00:25:00,159 as i mentioned it's a program that's 693 00:25:03,750 --> 00:25:01,919 looking for what you might call broadly 694 00:25:05,990 --> 00:25:03,760 applicable or non-mission focused 695 00:25:08,310 --> 00:25:06,000 technologies and i've listed a couple of 696 00:25:10,149 --> 00:25:08,320 those technologies on this slide now 697 00:25:13,029 --> 00:25:10,159 these by the way that list is is 698 00:25:15,269 --> 00:25:13,039 certainly not meant to be inclusive 699 00:25:16,950 --> 00:25:15,279 because the call many of the calls for 700 00:25:19,110 --> 00:25:16,960 this program are going to be wide open 701 00:25:21,269 --> 00:25:19,120 we're going to be looking for ideas uh 702 00:25:23,830 --> 00:25:21,279 from the community and we will find we 703 00:25:26,789 --> 00:25:23,840 will sponsor and fund those ideas really 704 00:25:29,029 --> 00:25:26,799 based entirely on the the merit of the 705 00:25:31,430 --> 00:25:29,039 research that's proposed 706 00:25:33,750 --> 00:25:31,440 next slide please 707 00:25:35,510 --> 00:25:33,760 so i'd like to close with just a couple 708 00:25:37,350 --> 00:25:35,520 of of thoughts and they're listed on 709 00:25:38,149 --> 00:25:37,360 this summary slide 710 00:25:39,909 --> 00:25:38,159 one 711 00:25:42,710 --> 00:25:39,919 there have been a consistent set of 712 00:25:44,789 --> 00:25:42,720 recommendations made both by congress 713 00:25:47,269 --> 00:25:44,799 and a number of external panels that 714 00:25:48,789 --> 00:25:47,279 have driven nasa to the development of 715 00:25:51,269 --> 00:25:48,799 the technology approach that we're 716 00:25:53,750 --> 00:25:51,279 putting forward today 717 00:25:56,230 --> 00:25:53,760 two our planning process is really 718 00:25:57,190 --> 00:25:56,240 moving rapidly and actually it's in my 719 00:25:59,350 --> 00:25:57,200 view 720 00:26:01,350 --> 00:25:59,360 it's going fairly well we're putting a 721 00:26:02,630 --> 00:26:01,360 lot of detail into these technology 722 00:26:04,470 --> 00:26:02,640 programs and we're going to be ready to 723 00:26:06,310 --> 00:26:04,480 roll those out at the beginning of the 724 00:26:08,230 --> 00:26:06,320 fiscal year 725 00:26:10,149 --> 00:26:08,240 three through these programs both the 726 00:26:12,149 --> 00:26:10,159 space technology program and the ones 727 00:26:13,990 --> 00:26:12,159 that doug will describe in a moment 728 00:26:15,909 --> 00:26:14,000 we're going to develop new technologies 729 00:26:18,310 --> 00:26:15,919 new capabilities that are going to allow 730 00:26:19,830 --> 00:26:18,320 nasa to do an entirely set of missions 731 00:26:21,830 --> 00:26:19,840 we're going to use these capabilities to 732 00:26:23,750 --> 00:26:21,840 get humans into deep space we're going 733 00:26:25,750 --> 00:26:23,760 to use these capabilities to improve our 734 00:26:27,830 --> 00:26:25,760 robotic explorers we're going to use 735 00:26:31,510 --> 00:26:27,840 these capabilities to improve our 736 00:26:33,510 --> 00:26:31,520 knowledge and understanding of the earth 737 00:26:36,310 --> 00:26:33,520 and then finally here 738 00:26:38,470 --> 00:26:36,320 i want to definitely point out that nasa 739 00:26:40,950 --> 00:26:38,480 focused on innovation and technology is 740 00:26:43,190 --> 00:26:40,960 important for the agency but it's also 741 00:26:45,830 --> 00:26:43,200 important for the nation 742 00:26:48,310 --> 00:26:45,840 nasa serves perhaps a unique role 743 00:26:51,029 --> 00:26:48,320 to inspire and motivate 744 00:26:53,750 --> 00:26:51,039 our young people into 745 00:26:56,470 --> 00:26:53,760 educational and career paths in science 746 00:26:58,950 --> 00:26:56,480 technology engineering and mathematics i 747 00:27:01,510 --> 00:26:58,960 know that firsthand i'm a product of 748 00:27:04,470 --> 00:27:01,520 nasa's educational programs 749 00:27:06,950 --> 00:27:04,480 nasa got me hooked at a young age 750 00:27:09,190 --> 00:27:06,960 through a summer program at the langley 751 00:27:11,029 --> 00:27:09,200 research center and they actually kept 752 00:27:12,630 --> 00:27:11,039 me involved in graduate school through 753 00:27:14,630 --> 00:27:12,640 the office of education and some of 754 00:27:16,549 --> 00:27:14,640 their programs these are very these 755 00:27:18,230 --> 00:27:16,559 programs are very important to me 756 00:27:20,230 --> 00:27:18,240 you know they're also very important to 757 00:27:21,909 --> 00:27:20,240 our administrator charlie bolden and 758 00:27:23,750 --> 00:27:21,919 they're also very important to this 759 00:27:27,190 --> 00:27:23,760 nation it is a unique 760 00:27:28,950 --> 00:27:27,200 uh capability that nasa can provide 761 00:27:29,990 --> 00:27:28,960 in addition i also want to point out 762 00:27:32,310 --> 00:27:30,000 that 763 00:27:34,549 --> 00:27:32,320 the nasa centers are full of 764 00:27:36,470 --> 00:27:34,559 intellectual capital and that 765 00:27:38,389 --> 00:27:36,480 intellectual capital while it's working 766 00:27:40,389 --> 00:27:38,399 on some of the greatest challenges in 767 00:27:43,029 --> 00:27:40,399 human space flight or in exploring our 768 00:27:44,789 --> 00:27:43,039 solar system that same capital can also 769 00:27:47,590 --> 00:27:44,799 be applied to 770 00:27:50,630 --> 00:27:47,600 major national needs here on the earth 771 00:27:53,990 --> 00:27:50,640 major societal challenges like energy 772 00:27:56,149 --> 00:27:54,000 prediction of disasters weather 773 00:27:58,389 --> 00:27:56,159 national security these are all things 774 00:28:00,230 --> 00:27:58,399 that integrate and cross right into our 775 00:28:02,149 --> 00:28:00,240 space program and so that is certainly 776 00:28:03,269 --> 00:28:02,159 another area that these programs can 777 00:28:06,389 --> 00:28:03,279 contribute 778 00:28:13,029 --> 00:28:08,950 bobby thank you very much doug your turn 779 00:28:15,510 --> 00:28:13,039 yes sir while my church is coming up 780 00:28:17,430 --> 00:28:15,520 i just outline 781 00:28:20,389 --> 00:28:17,440 our organization has a current 782 00:28:21,669 --> 00:28:20,399 constellation program as well as uh in 783 00:28:24,549 --> 00:28:21,679 the new budget 784 00:28:27,590 --> 00:28:24,559 request we have the commercial crew 785 00:28:29,990 --> 00:28:27,600 efforts uh and program that that will be 786 00:28:34,230 --> 00:28:30,000 getting started so i wanted to mention 787 00:28:36,950 --> 00:28:34,240 that we also have a very robust 788 00:28:39,350 --> 00:28:36,960 technology portfolio and demonstration 789 00:28:41,669 --> 00:28:39,360 effort and research 790 00:28:43,750 --> 00:28:41,679 effort that we'll be going forward with 791 00:28:44,710 --> 00:28:43,760 i'm going to concentrate today and focus 792 00:28:47,269 --> 00:28:44,720 on 793 00:28:50,630 --> 00:28:47,279 what we're doing in in the area of 794 00:28:53,269 --> 00:28:50,640 research and technology and i think 795 00:28:55,510 --> 00:28:53,279 the things that bobby has talked about 796 00:28:57,269 --> 00:28:55,520 are are 797 00:28:59,350 --> 00:28:57,279 overarching and 798 00:29:01,190 --> 00:28:59,360 directly apply to to the things i'll 799 00:29:02,950 --> 00:29:01,200 talk with you about 800 00:29:05,350 --> 00:29:02,960 actually we will be working closely 801 00:29:07,510 --> 00:29:05,360 together to make sure we coordinate the 802 00:29:09,430 --> 00:29:07,520 the overarching aspects of his 803 00:29:11,590 --> 00:29:09,440 particular responsibilities as well as 804 00:29:14,549 --> 00:29:11,600 the more focused efforts that we'll have 805 00:29:16,870 --> 00:29:14,559 in exploration technologies a number of 806 00:29:19,669 --> 00:29:16,880 the of the emerging technologies that 807 00:29:23,110 --> 00:29:19,679 he'll he will be uh working to develop 808 00:29:24,549 --> 00:29:23,120 will find on wraps um into our programs 809 00:29:27,350 --> 00:29:24,559 in technology so that will be an 810 00:29:28,870 --> 00:29:27,360 important facet of our relationship at 811 00:29:31,669 --> 00:29:28,880 nasa in the future 812 00:29:33,029 --> 00:29:31,679 um let's see where we are okay so if we 813 00:29:35,990 --> 00:29:33,039 go to chart two 814 00:29:38,549 --> 00:29:36,000 um what i wanted to do is is pull all of 815 00:29:40,870 --> 00:29:38,559 this together in a way to visualize uh 816 00:29:43,430 --> 00:29:40,880 what we're talking about uh if we look 817 00:29:45,430 --> 00:29:43,440 at if we if we look at uh the 818 00:29:47,350 --> 00:29:45,440 destinations that are possible for human 819 00:29:48,389 --> 00:29:47,360 space flight 820 00:29:50,789 --> 00:29:48,399 there there are a number of 821 00:29:54,070 --> 00:29:50,799 possibilities with with our grandest 822 00:29:55,350 --> 00:29:54,080 vision ultimately sending people to mars 823 00:29:56,149 --> 00:29:55,360 and 824 00:29:57,990 --> 00:29:56,159 we 825 00:30:00,710 --> 00:29:58,000 you've heard about the various 826 00:30:03,029 --> 00:30:00,720 destinations in in the discussions 827 00:30:05,510 --> 00:30:03,039 i do want to say that it is important to 828 00:30:06,470 --> 00:30:05,520 understand what it takes to go do these 829 00:30:09,269 --> 00:30:06,480 missions 830 00:30:12,070 --> 00:30:09,279 just yesterday we kicked off 831 00:30:13,110 --> 00:30:12,080 the human exploration framework 832 00:30:18,230 --> 00:30:13,120 team 833 00:30:20,710 --> 00:30:18,240 develop the the design reference 834 00:30:22,950 --> 00:30:20,720 missions if you will for going to these 835 00:30:24,789 --> 00:30:22,960 various destinations so that we can we 836 00:30:25,510 --> 00:30:24,799 can work into them 837 00:30:28,070 --> 00:30:25,520 the 838 00:30:30,310 --> 00:30:28,080 impacts or leverage that you get from 839 00:30:31,669 --> 00:30:30,320 various technologies as you go look at 840 00:30:35,669 --> 00:30:31,679 these 841 00:30:37,750 --> 00:30:35,679 learn that there are certain 842 00:30:39,590 --> 00:30:37,760 capabilities that it takes to send 843 00:30:42,070 --> 00:30:39,600 people there and and many of them are 844 00:30:43,990 --> 00:30:42,080 common between the various destinations 845 00:30:46,789 --> 00:30:44,000 so it's important to understand that so 846 00:30:49,669 --> 00:30:46,799 that we in the future plan our programs 847 00:30:52,070 --> 00:30:49,679 in a way that that 848 00:30:55,590 --> 00:30:52,080 get us the most uh 849 00:30:56,630 --> 00:30:55,600 capability and versatility in in 850 00:31:00,950 --> 00:30:56,640 in our 851 00:31:03,190 --> 00:31:00,960 infrastructure 852 00:31:05,509 --> 00:31:03,200 all of these lead lead you to 853 00:31:07,590 --> 00:31:05,519 a set of capabilities and 854 00:31:09,669 --> 00:31:07,600 and technology and research that it 855 00:31:12,789 --> 00:31:09,679 takes to go do these missions and you 856 00:31:14,870 --> 00:31:12,799 find that uh and and bobby had the 857 00:31:17,029 --> 00:31:14,880 perfect chart which is one that we 858 00:31:19,110 --> 00:31:17,039 originally did a long time ago but shows 859 00:31:21,669 --> 00:31:19,120 the leverage of the various technologies 860 00:31:23,909 --> 00:31:21,679 that it takes to go to mars and you 861 00:31:25,909 --> 00:31:23,919 absolutely probably cannot do it unless 862 00:31:27,990 --> 00:31:25,919 we go invest in these technologies 863 00:31:29,909 --> 00:31:28,000 they're absolutely essential 864 00:31:31,590 --> 00:31:29,919 there's a list of them they've been 865 00:31:35,190 --> 00:31:31,600 repeated in reports actually i've been 866 00:31:37,350 --> 00:31:35,200 on a couple of those reports myself 867 00:31:38,230 --> 00:31:37,360 20 over the last 20 years 868 00:31:42,389 --> 00:31:38,240 and 869 00:31:43,990 --> 00:31:42,399 there are areas that we have to invest 870 00:31:46,149 --> 00:31:44,000 in if we're going to go beyond places 871 00:31:47,750 --> 00:31:46,159 we've been before 872 00:31:49,269 --> 00:31:47,760 in terms of 873 00:31:50,789 --> 00:31:49,279 the little green boxes at the bottom of 874 00:31:52,070 --> 00:31:50,799 the chart talk about breakthrough 875 00:31:54,230 --> 00:31:52,080 technologies these are the kind of 876 00:31:56,549 --> 00:31:54,240 things that will come out of 877 00:31:58,389 --> 00:31:56,559 what the work that bobby does that leads 878 00:32:02,149 --> 00:31:58,399 into 879 00:32:03,990 --> 00:32:02,159 new possibilities and on-ramps to to uh 880 00:32:06,389 --> 00:32:04,000 for certain technologies that will be 881 00:32:08,789 --> 00:32:06,399 critical to us as well and we'll find 882 00:32:11,750 --> 00:32:08,799 leverage in in making these destinations 883 00:32:14,389 --> 00:32:11,760 so this i think kind of pulls together 884 00:32:16,549 --> 00:32:14,399 um the thinking that it takes to to 885 00:32:18,149 --> 00:32:16,559 understand um what the critical 886 00:32:21,669 --> 00:32:18,159 technologies are 887 00:32:24,070 --> 00:32:21,679 if we can go to um slide three 888 00:32:25,909 --> 00:32:24,080 uh this this chart lays out the various 889 00:32:27,269 --> 00:32:25,919 technology areas that are that are in 890 00:32:29,350 --> 00:32:27,279 the in 891 00:32:31,509 --> 00:32:29,360 the exploration 892 00:32:33,029 --> 00:32:31,519 president's budget request it starts 893 00:32:35,830 --> 00:32:33,039 with exploration technology and 894 00:32:38,389 --> 00:32:35,840 demonstrations which includes flagship 895 00:32:40,710 --> 00:32:38,399 technology demonstration program it 896 00:32:43,990 --> 00:32:40,720 includes enabling technology 897 00:32:45,110 --> 00:32:44,000 development and demonstration program 898 00:32:46,549 --> 00:32:45,120 these are 899 00:32:48,549 --> 00:32:46,559 two different areas that i'll talk more 900 00:32:49,669 --> 00:32:48,559 about it also includes heavy lift 901 00:32:52,549 --> 00:32:49,679 propulsion 902 00:32:54,549 --> 00:32:52,559 technology including first stage engine 903 00:32:56,710 --> 00:32:54,559 development it includes 904 00:32:58,710 --> 00:32:56,720 upper stage or in space engine 905 00:33:00,789 --> 00:32:58,720 demonstration and it includes 906 00:33:03,990 --> 00:33:00,799 foundational propulsion research these 907 00:33:06,789 --> 00:33:04,000 are areas where there are 908 00:33:09,990 --> 00:33:06,799 in very enhancing technologies that need 909 00:33:11,830 --> 00:33:10,000 to be developed in order to make our our 910 00:33:14,950 --> 00:33:11,840 launch vehicles more efficient and 911 00:33:17,190 --> 00:33:15,830 and 912 00:33:21,269 --> 00:33:17,200 so 913 00:33:22,630 --> 00:33:21,279 robotic missions i won't be talking 914 00:33:24,870 --> 00:33:22,640 about that because it's been talked in 915 00:33:26,950 --> 00:33:24,880 another session but it does factor into 916 00:33:28,710 --> 00:33:26,960 this whole approach in that 917 00:33:31,110 --> 00:33:28,720 these robotic missions that we'll be 918 00:33:32,549 --> 00:33:31,120 planning in in our programs 919 00:33:34,710 --> 00:33:32,559 will be 920 00:33:36,470 --> 00:33:34,720 the the opportunity to go learn about 921 00:33:38,870 --> 00:33:36,480 the destinations that we'll send people 922 00:33:39,830 --> 00:33:38,880 to but it will be also be able we'll be 923 00:33:42,950 --> 00:33:39,840 able to 924 00:33:45,990 --> 00:33:42,960 demonstrate the technologies that 925 00:33:48,230 --> 00:33:46,000 are essential uh for human spaceflight 926 00:33:50,310 --> 00:33:48,240 to to the destinations and we'll be 927 00:33:52,549 --> 00:33:50,320 testing in the relevant environment so 928 00:33:53,669 --> 00:33:52,559 these will be focused on that that kind 929 00:33:56,630 --> 00:33:53,679 of knowledge 930 00:33:59,269 --> 00:33:56,640 we also have the human research program 931 00:34:01,830 --> 00:33:59,279 which has increased funding all of these 932 00:34:04,950 --> 00:34:01,840 will be robust areas where we will be 933 00:34:07,669 --> 00:34:04,960 investing in the in research 934 00:34:10,310 --> 00:34:07,679 that it takes to send people into space 935 00:34:12,310 --> 00:34:10,320 if we go to uh the next chart 936 00:34:14,869 --> 00:34:12,320 we get into more of the exploration 937 00:34:17,030 --> 00:34:14,879 technology development demonstration 938 00:34:19,510 --> 00:34:17,040 these are many of the of the same 939 00:34:21,829 --> 00:34:19,520 technologies that are listed 940 00:34:24,629 --> 00:34:21,839 in on the charts that bobby showed that 941 00:34:26,710 --> 00:34:24,639 have been identified over a period of 942 00:34:28,869 --> 00:34:26,720 time that are that are incredibly 943 00:34:31,109 --> 00:34:28,879 important to us and have high leverage 944 00:34:32,550 --> 00:34:31,119 and actually are essential in terms of 945 00:34:34,869 --> 00:34:32,560 going beyond 946 00:34:37,829 --> 00:34:34,879 the places we've been before 947 00:34:40,230 --> 00:34:37,839 um advanced in-space propulsion is a big 948 00:34:42,790 --> 00:34:40,240 driver uh getting to high-efficiency 949 00:34:44,950 --> 00:34:42,800 in-space engines is critical in getting 950 00:34:47,109 --> 00:34:44,960 the mass down in low-earth orbit so that 951 00:34:49,909 --> 00:34:47,119 in terms of fuel that it takes to get to 952 00:34:50,869 --> 00:34:49,919 these uh destinations particularly the 953 00:34:53,510 --> 00:34:50,879 long 954 00:34:55,750 --> 00:34:53,520 duration flights to places like mars 955 00:34:57,430 --> 00:34:55,760 autonomous systems and avian avionics 956 00:34:59,030 --> 00:34:57,440 will help us to operate more efficiently 957 00:35:00,710 --> 00:34:59,040 in space 958 00:35:04,069 --> 00:35:00,720 cryogenic propellant storage and 959 00:35:07,829 --> 00:35:04,079 transfer is one that we will need 960 00:35:09,510 --> 00:35:07,839 as we as as we work in in space with 961 00:35:10,870 --> 00:35:09,520 large amounts of fuel to go to long 962 00:35:13,430 --> 00:35:10,880 death 963 00:35:16,069 --> 00:35:13,440 destinations far from here uh and not 964 00:35:17,670 --> 00:35:16,079 have the boil off that occurs in in some 965 00:35:19,750 --> 00:35:17,680 of our propellants 966 00:35:21,430 --> 00:35:19,760 entry descent and landing is a critical 967 00:35:24,950 --> 00:35:21,440 technology especially with the large 968 00:35:28,870 --> 00:35:24,960 masses that it takes to send people to 969 00:35:33,349 --> 00:35:31,589 developing um precision landing and 970 00:35:36,470 --> 00:35:33,359 hazard avoidance so that we can enter 971 00:35:38,550 --> 00:35:36,480 land in very interesting locations in on 972 00:35:41,990 --> 00:35:38,560 on other planetary bodies is is 973 00:35:44,390 --> 00:35:42,000 important to us as well as the the um 974 00:35:45,750 --> 00:35:44,400 the aerodynamic 975 00:35:48,870 --> 00:35:45,760 braking 976 00:35:50,230 --> 00:35:48,880 technologies that we'll need to to enter 977 00:35:52,310 --> 00:35:50,240 atmospheres 978 00:35:53,670 --> 00:35:52,320 eva technology will be important because 979 00:35:55,270 --> 00:35:53,680 our suits have to get lighter if we're 980 00:35:57,270 --> 00:35:55,280 going to other planets 981 00:35:59,349 --> 00:35:57,280 surface suits can't be as heavy as our 982 00:36:01,349 --> 00:35:59,359 current spacesuits are 983 00:36:02,950 --> 00:36:01,359 high efficiency power systems are also 984 00:36:05,349 --> 00:36:02,960 important in order to get down mass in 985 00:36:07,750 --> 00:36:05,359 order to be able to actually have enough 986 00:36:10,310 --> 00:36:07,760 power in a place like mars with reduced 987 00:36:14,230 --> 00:36:10,320 sunlight since it's farther out 988 00:36:18,550 --> 00:36:17,030 human robotic systems robots and humans 989 00:36:21,030 --> 00:36:18,560 working together 990 00:36:24,870 --> 00:36:21,040 expand our capabilities when we send 991 00:36:27,030 --> 00:36:24,880 people to achieve the science the goals 992 00:36:29,030 --> 00:36:27,040 and exploration goals that we'll have so 993 00:36:31,589 --> 00:36:29,040 that we make people more productive when 994 00:36:34,790 --> 00:36:31,599 they get to these locations and so in 995 00:36:36,230 --> 00:36:34,800 situ resource utilization is the use of 996 00:36:37,670 --> 00:36:36,240 indigenous 997 00:36:41,190 --> 00:36:37,680 chemicals or 998 00:36:43,349 --> 00:36:41,200 or minerals at a location like mars 999 00:36:44,630 --> 00:36:43,359 to develop your own fuel to make the 1000 00:36:46,470 --> 00:36:44,640 trip back so that you don't have to 1001 00:36:48,230 --> 00:36:46,480 carry all that fuel with you life 1002 00:36:49,990 --> 00:36:48,240 support and habitation systems it's 1003 00:36:51,750 --> 00:36:50,000 important to get to closed-loop life 1004 00:36:54,710 --> 00:36:51,760 support so that we don't have to carry 1005 00:36:57,589 --> 00:36:54,720 all the logistics and and resupply in in 1006 00:37:00,150 --> 00:36:57,599 terms of of water and air 1007 00:37:02,470 --> 00:37:00,160 light lightweight spacecraft materials 1008 00:37:04,710 --> 00:37:02,480 and structures are are incredibly 1009 00:37:05,990 --> 00:37:04,720 important to us in terms of getting mass 1010 00:37:08,230 --> 00:37:06,000 down 1011 00:37:12,150 --> 00:37:08,240 all of these we plan to have 1012 00:37:13,990 --> 00:37:12,160 demonstrations for over time where uh we 1013 00:37:16,069 --> 00:37:14,000 will have different demos on different 1014 00:37:17,829 --> 00:37:16,079 capabilities whether they're in in this 1015 00:37:18,790 --> 00:37:17,839 arena or in the flagship missions in 1016 00:37:21,510 --> 00:37:18,800 order to 1017 00:37:23,589 --> 00:37:21,520 uh demonstrate that and and reach the 1018 00:37:26,069 --> 00:37:23,599 higher readiness levels that we need to 1019 00:37:28,150 --> 00:37:26,079 go into development on systems 1020 00:37:31,510 --> 00:37:28,160 we go to the next chart uh this 1021 00:37:33,910 --> 00:37:31,520 addresses the human research program uh 1022 00:37:35,990 --> 00:37:33,920 i hope 1023 00:37:37,270 --> 00:37:36,000 not being able to see it as a as a 1024 00:37:38,550 --> 00:37:37,280 little challenge 1025 00:37:40,230 --> 00:37:38,560 biomedical 1026 00:37:44,069 --> 00:37:40,240 technologies are important we need to 1027 00:37:45,750 --> 00:37:44,079 keep our astronauts safe as we as we 1028 00:37:47,190 --> 00:37:45,760 get into 1029 00:37:48,950 --> 00:37:47,200 these various missions there are 1030 00:37:50,390 --> 00:37:48,960 different hazards that they have to deal 1031 00:37:52,950 --> 00:37:50,400 with and we have to keep them safe in 1032 00:37:55,589 --> 00:37:52,960 order to achieve the missions 1033 00:37:58,069 --> 00:37:55,599 we will be doing a a fair amount of this 1034 00:38:00,550 --> 00:37:58,079 on space station it is it is 1035 00:38:03,510 --> 00:38:00,560 a critical resource for long-duration 1036 00:38:05,990 --> 00:38:03,520 missions in microgravity space radiation 1037 00:38:07,430 --> 00:38:06,000 research is is incredibly important to 1038 00:38:09,670 --> 00:38:07,440 us as we 1039 00:38:11,589 --> 00:38:09,680 uh we'll be testing uh 1040 00:38:14,630 --> 00:38:11,599 understanding the effects on human cells 1041 00:38:15,750 --> 00:38:14,640 of inter inter uh intergalactic cosmic 1042 00:38:21,349 --> 00:38:15,760 radiation 1043 00:38:23,030 --> 00:38:21,359 beyond our uh that that affects our 1044 00:38:25,510 --> 00:38:23,040 astronauts once they get outside the 1045 00:38:28,069 --> 00:38:25,520 earth's magnetic field it's not as 1046 00:38:29,589 --> 00:38:28,079 much a danger in space station but once 1047 00:38:31,990 --> 00:38:29,599 we go on these long missions we'll be 1048 00:38:34,390 --> 00:38:32,000 out in it and we don't yet understand 1049 00:38:36,150 --> 00:38:34,400 that totally what the effects are of 1050 00:38:38,550 --> 00:38:36,160 that radiation so that could be a long 1051 00:38:41,109 --> 00:38:38,560 pole for us for long duration missions 1052 00:38:44,069 --> 00:38:41,119 behavioral health research is important 1053 00:38:45,990 --> 00:38:44,079 from the standpoint of understanding 1054 00:38:47,990 --> 00:38:46,000 crew interactions over long periods of 1055 00:38:49,349 --> 00:38:48,000 times on these long trips 1056 00:38:51,109 --> 00:38:49,359 um 1057 00:38:53,510 --> 00:38:51,119 space station utilization as i mentioned 1058 00:38:54,950 --> 00:38:53,520 will be critical and and our investment 1059 00:38:57,430 --> 00:38:54,960 will be increased there over what we 1060 00:38:59,109 --> 00:38:57,440 have been planning um 1061 00:39:01,910 --> 00:38:59,119 we will we'll be learning more about the 1062 00:39:03,030 --> 00:39:01,920 human risk associated with microgravity 1063 00:39:05,670 --> 00:39:03,040 that will 1064 00:39:07,190 --> 00:39:05,680 they will experience both in orbit 1065 00:39:09,349 --> 00:39:07,200 around the earth but also on long 1066 00:39:10,390 --> 00:39:09,359 duration missions we'll be adding new 1067 00:39:13,430 --> 00:39:10,400 content 1068 00:39:16,310 --> 00:39:13,440 to that research through a research 1069 00:39:18,470 --> 00:39:16,320 announcements that will add to 1070 00:39:20,470 --> 00:39:18,480 the things that we'll learn there 1071 00:39:23,109 --> 00:39:20,480 if we go to the next chart 1072 00:39:25,589 --> 00:39:23,119 next i'll move into an area 1073 00:39:27,829 --> 00:39:25,599 that is is 1074 00:39:29,910 --> 00:39:27,839 very very exciting for us which is the 1075 00:39:33,750 --> 00:39:29,920 flagship technology mission 1076 00:39:35,829 --> 00:39:33,760 uh area where we will be testing uh at 1077 00:39:38,230 --> 00:39:35,839 larger scales and gradually larger 1078 00:39:40,069 --> 00:39:38,240 scales different capabilities that are 1079 00:39:43,430 --> 00:39:40,079 essential to us 1080 00:39:46,069 --> 00:39:43,440 some of what our teams have mapped out 1081 00:39:47,589 --> 00:39:46,079 in the last few weeks are are listed 1082 00:39:49,589 --> 00:39:47,599 across 1083 00:39:51,190 --> 00:39:49,599 on the left-hand column which are 1084 00:39:53,910 --> 00:39:51,200 propellant transfer and storage 1085 00:39:56,230 --> 00:39:53,920 lightweight inflatable modules 1086 00:39:58,790 --> 00:39:56,240 automated rendezvous and docking 1087 00:40:00,630 --> 00:39:58,800 closed-loop life support aero capture 1088 00:40:02,550 --> 00:40:00,640 and entry descent and landing 1089 00:40:04,630 --> 00:40:02,560 advanced space propulsion 1090 00:40:06,390 --> 00:40:04,640 and we have a number of missions across 1091 00:40:07,910 --> 00:40:06,400 the top which are candidate missions at 1092 00:40:09,750 --> 00:40:07,920 this point but we have we've put 1093 00:40:11,990 --> 00:40:09,760 together some ideas to to get the 1094 00:40:14,230 --> 00:40:12,000 existence proof what what is it 1095 00:40:17,670 --> 00:40:14,240 that we can accomplish within the in the 1096 00:40:20,870 --> 00:40:17,680 fy 11 budget request and so you see x is 1097 00:40:23,349 --> 00:40:20,880 on uh for multiple x's on certain of 1098 00:40:26,470 --> 00:40:23,359 these missions where we can accomplish 1099 00:40:29,430 --> 00:40:26,480 uh objectives for uh some of these 1100 00:40:30,710 --> 00:40:29,440 technology areas on on in in a single 1101 00:40:32,630 --> 00:40:30,720 mission 1102 00:40:34,790 --> 00:40:32,640 if we go to the next chart uh this is an 1103 00:40:38,950 --> 00:40:34,800 example uh as we 1104 00:40:42,230 --> 00:40:38,960 as we put together um our advanced space 1105 00:40:44,630 --> 00:40:42,240 propulsion we can we can start with 1106 00:40:46,790 --> 00:40:44,640 existing capabilities the kind of 1107 00:40:48,790 --> 00:40:46,800 capabilities that have been developed in 1108 00:40:51,430 --> 00:40:48,800 ion engines for 1109 00:40:53,750 --> 00:40:51,440 missions like deep space 1 and dawn 1110 00:40:56,790 --> 00:40:53,760 and begin to do some of our 1111 00:40:57,910 --> 00:40:56,800 begin with a bus basically that can do 1112 00:40:59,750 --> 00:40:57,920 multiple 1113 00:41:02,390 --> 00:40:59,760 missions 1114 00:41:04,790 --> 00:41:02,400 for us in in these technology areas that 1115 00:41:07,270 --> 00:41:04,800 will gradually increase in capability uh 1116 00:41:11,910 --> 00:41:07,280 building to higher megawatt or higher 1117 00:41:16,069 --> 00:41:13,829 in space power capabilities whether it's 1118 00:41:18,710 --> 00:41:16,079 solar power or phishing power 1119 00:41:20,550 --> 00:41:18,720 as we get to ultimately 1120 00:41:23,270 --> 00:41:20,560 the high efficiency propulsion 1121 00:41:26,790 --> 00:41:23,280 capabilities whether it's plasma engines 1122 00:41:29,109 --> 00:41:26,800 or nuclear thermal propulsion 1123 00:41:31,589 --> 00:41:29,119 in the next chart please this one talks 1124 00:41:32,950 --> 00:41:31,599 about in-space propellant storage and 1125 00:41:35,349 --> 00:41:32,960 transfer 1126 00:41:37,990 --> 00:41:35,359 these are some ideas on on how we might 1127 00:41:41,190 --> 00:41:38,000 start that with with one of these buses 1128 00:41:45,109 --> 00:41:41,200 that i mentioned earlier uh having a six 1129 00:41:49,270 --> 00:41:45,119 month stay with cryo storage 1130 00:41:51,910 --> 00:41:49,280 working through and and employing 1131 00:41:55,670 --> 00:41:51,920 the technology to to 1132 00:41:57,349 --> 00:41:55,680 to in cryo cooling and and maintaining 1133 00:41:59,829 --> 00:41:57,359 the cryo 1134 00:42:01,670 --> 00:41:59,839 fuels in space also 1135 00:42:03,910 --> 00:42:01,680 the first step would probably be to 1136 00:42:07,109 --> 00:42:03,920 transfer some of this fuel on on board a 1137 00:42:08,309 --> 00:42:07,119 single spacecraft the step beyond that 1138 00:42:10,870 --> 00:42:08,319 could be 1139 00:42:13,270 --> 00:42:10,880 multiple spacecraft where we're testing 1140 00:42:15,030 --> 00:42:13,280 out connectors 1141 00:42:17,190 --> 00:42:15,040 and and flow through between one 1142 00:42:19,430 --> 00:42:17,200 spacecraft another in in that type of 1143 00:42:21,510 --> 00:42:19,440 scenario we'd also be checking out 1144 00:42:23,990 --> 00:42:21,520 automated rendezvous and docking 1145 00:42:26,069 --> 00:42:24,000 so as we move through these steps we 1146 00:42:28,550 --> 00:42:26,079 gradually increase our capabilities we 1147 00:42:30,550 --> 00:42:28,560 we understand the technologies engaging 1148 00:42:31,829 --> 00:42:30,560 understanding how much fuel that you you 1149 00:42:33,030 --> 00:42:31,839 have in a tank how much you've 1150 00:42:35,430 --> 00:42:33,040 transferred 1151 00:42:37,750 --> 00:42:35,440 which is not simple either 1152 00:42:39,990 --> 00:42:37,760 as we work through understanding these 1153 00:42:41,349 --> 00:42:40,000 types of technologies 1154 00:42:43,270 --> 00:42:41,359 the next chart 1155 00:42:45,349 --> 00:42:43,280 talks to inflatable 1156 00:42:48,710 --> 00:42:45,359 technology we here we would start with 1157 00:42:51,109 --> 00:42:48,720 small inflatables on on station to test 1158 00:42:52,710 --> 00:42:51,119 out that technology we would grow over 1159 00:42:55,589 --> 00:42:52,720 time to 1160 00:43:01,430 --> 00:42:58,069 modules that are inflatable where we 1161 00:43:04,069 --> 00:43:01,440 could scar for life support systems and 1162 00:43:05,990 --> 00:43:04,079 and a capability that we've worked out 1163 00:43:08,230 --> 00:43:06,000 in the last few years called suit ports 1164 00:43:09,990 --> 00:43:08,240 we actually get past the idea of 1165 00:43:12,230 --> 00:43:10,000 airlocks and you can actually transfer 1166 00:43:14,470 --> 00:43:12,240 directly into suits from your from your 1167 00:43:16,630 --> 00:43:14,480 spacecraft 1168 00:43:18,470 --> 00:43:16,640 obviously space station is location 1169 00:43:21,430 --> 00:43:18,480 where you can also test out 1170 00:43:23,030 --> 00:43:21,440 new space suit technology 1171 00:43:24,309 --> 00:43:23,040 next chart 1172 00:43:26,710 --> 00:43:24,319 we also 1173 00:43:28,790 --> 00:43:26,720 are looking at a road map and we'll be 1174 00:43:31,430 --> 00:43:28,800 working closely with bobby on this one 1175 00:43:33,510 --> 00:43:31,440 as we bring in the emerging technology 1176 00:43:36,710 --> 00:43:33,520 inflatable heat and inflatable heat 1177 00:43:38,950 --> 00:43:36,720 shields where it combines new technology 1178 00:43:40,390 --> 00:43:38,960 in both arrow and arrow heating with 1179 00:43:42,150 --> 00:43:40,400 inflatable shapes 1180 00:43:44,470 --> 00:43:42,160 and this just shows a progression 1181 00:43:46,150 --> 00:43:44,480 through the types of 1182 00:43:48,390 --> 00:43:46,160 demonstrations that we would do in the 1183 00:43:52,630 --> 00:43:48,400 flagship mission 1184 00:43:55,750 --> 00:43:52,640 to to demonstrate these types of 1185 00:43:58,230 --> 00:43:55,760 entry vehicles we would also look at 1186 00:44:00,150 --> 00:43:58,240 not just blunt shapes but middle and mid 1187 00:44:02,150 --> 00:44:00,160 all over d shapes 1188 00:44:03,510 --> 00:44:02,160 lifted drag shapes that would be able to 1189 00:44:06,470 --> 00:44:03,520 maneuver 1190 00:44:09,109 --> 00:44:06,480 a little more in a in a mars environment 1191 00:44:11,190 --> 00:44:09,119 mars is going to be a unique um 1192 00:44:13,589 --> 00:44:11,200 concern in terms of entry descent and 1193 00:44:15,829 --> 00:44:13,599 landing because you can't just use a 1194 00:44:17,270 --> 00:44:15,839 heat shield and put the chutes out 1195 00:44:19,349 --> 00:44:17,280 and land 1196 00:44:21,349 --> 00:44:19,359 with the large vehicle that it takes to 1197 00:44:23,910 --> 00:44:21,359 send people so that will be a unique 1198 00:44:27,430 --> 00:44:23,920 case that we'll have to develop 1199 00:44:28,630 --> 00:44:27,440 with a lot of propulsion during decent 1200 00:44:29,589 --> 00:44:28,640 potentially 1201 00:44:32,309 --> 00:44:29,599 early 1202 00:44:34,470 --> 00:44:32,319 use of of the the hypersonic inflatable 1203 00:44:37,030 --> 00:44:34,480 shapes to slow it down 1204 00:44:39,270 --> 00:44:37,040 and then then the precision landing and 1205 00:44:42,790 --> 00:44:41,190 hazard avoidance once you get near the 1206 00:44:45,990 --> 00:44:42,800 ground 1207 00:44:46,870 --> 00:44:46,000 next chart which is the final chart um 1208 00:44:48,790 --> 00:44:46,880 so 1209 00:44:51,589 --> 00:44:48,800 i think when you pull these together all 1210 00:44:53,270 --> 00:44:51,599 these ideas together you see that that 1211 00:44:55,589 --> 00:44:53,280 this program 1212 00:44:57,430 --> 00:44:55,599 does seek to extend human presence 1213 00:45:00,309 --> 00:44:57,440 throughout the solar system 1214 00:45:01,990 --> 00:45:00,319 our budget request this year the fy 11 1215 00:45:04,309 --> 00:45:02,000 budget request the president talked 1216 00:45:06,309 --> 00:45:04,319 about today 1217 00:45:09,510 --> 00:45:06,319 we'll focus on these capabilities that 1218 00:45:12,470 --> 00:45:09,520 i've outlined in in terms of uh getting 1219 00:45:15,750 --> 00:45:12,480 us to potential destinations 1220 00:45:17,589 --> 00:45:15,760 moving out beyond earth orbit to places 1221 00:45:19,349 --> 00:45:17,599 we have not been before and staying for 1222 00:45:21,030 --> 00:45:19,359 lengths of time in those places that we 1223 00:45:24,309 --> 00:45:21,040 have not done 1224 00:45:26,630 --> 00:45:24,319 this this investment will focus on 1225 00:45:28,470 --> 00:45:26,640 learning 1226 00:45:30,710 --> 00:45:28,480 getting information and knowledge about 1227 00:45:32,950 --> 00:45:30,720 the locations that we go to that we'll 1228 00:45:34,950 --> 00:45:32,960 send people to as well as developing the 1229 00:45:35,750 --> 00:45:34,960 capabilities to get there 1230 00:45:37,910 --> 00:45:35,760 so 1231 00:45:39,750 --> 00:45:37,920 the approach expands the alternatives 1232 00:45:40,710 --> 00:45:39,760 and the unique capabilities that are 1233 00:45:43,109 --> 00:45:40,720 needed 1234 00:45:46,069 --> 00:45:43,119 that that are through strategic 1235 00:45:49,109 --> 00:45:46,079 investments that are very much needed in 1236 00:45:52,309 --> 00:45:49,119 order to be able to conceive of going to 1237 00:45:54,950 --> 00:45:52,319 some of these uh distant locations and 1238 00:45:57,109 --> 00:45:54,960 with that i'll turn it back to norm okay 1239 00:45:58,710 --> 00:45:57,119 doug thank you very much and thank each 1240 00:46:00,790 --> 00:45:58,720 of our panelists 1241 00:46:02,950 --> 00:46:00,800 uh we now at the point of the session 1242 00:46:04,230 --> 00:46:02,960 where we turn to those of you in the in 1243 00:46:07,430 --> 00:46:04,240 the audience 1244 00:46:10,950 --> 00:46:07,440 to uh make comments ask questions uh 1245 00:46:11,670 --> 00:46:10,960 offer suggestions uh propose new ideas 1246 00:46:13,670 --> 00:46:11,680 that 1247 00:46:14,710 --> 00:46:13,680 we should have thought of 1248 00:46:18,069 --> 00:46:14,720 so 1249 00:46:22,230 --> 00:46:19,349 please 1250 00:46:28,230 --> 00:46:26,470 ed talked initially about the need for 1251 00:46:29,910 --> 00:46:28,240 organizations to be agile in their 1252 00:46:31,990 --> 00:46:29,920 approach to these activities in order to 1253 00:46:35,270 --> 00:46:32,000 be successful 1254 00:46:37,750 --> 00:46:35,280 at jsc and at nasa we have 1255 00:46:39,270 --> 00:46:37,760 complex system engineering processes in 1256 00:46:41,190 --> 00:46:39,280 place which 1257 00:46:42,790 --> 00:46:41,200 have been codified and institutionalized 1258 00:46:44,230 --> 00:46:42,800 into the organization 1259 00:46:46,150 --> 00:46:44,240 and while they're very thorough in what 1260 00:46:47,990 --> 00:46:46,160 they do they're not really what you 1261 00:46:49,109 --> 00:46:48,000 would call agile 1262 00:46:50,950 --> 00:46:49,119 how can we 1263 00:46:52,950 --> 00:46:50,960 create that kind of agile environment 1264 00:46:56,230 --> 00:46:52,960 that we need in order to take on these 1265 00:46:58,150 --> 00:46:56,240 challenges that have been described 1266 00:46:59,829 --> 00:46:58,160 well that's a great question ed i think 1267 00:47:02,309 --> 00:46:59,839 we'll start with you and then let's let 1268 00:47:04,150 --> 00:47:02,319 uh either bobby or doug follow up if 1269 00:47:06,069 --> 00:47:04,160 they wish okay i think that's a great 1270 00:47:09,829 --> 00:47:06,079 point andy uh and i actually wanted to 1271 00:47:11,190 --> 00:47:09,839 ask a question of doug first or maybe a 1272 00:47:12,470 --> 00:47:11,200 comment 1273 00:47:14,870 --> 00:47:12,480 my thought was that there's so many 1274 00:47:17,829 --> 00:47:14,880 things that you want to test out there 1275 00:47:19,910 --> 00:47:17,839 my actual feeling is that unless nasa 1276 00:47:21,750 --> 00:47:19,920 changes the way it does business as andy 1277 00:47:22,870 --> 00:47:21,760 alluded to 1278 00:47:24,790 --> 00:47:22,880 none of that 1279 00:47:27,349 --> 00:47:24,800 is going to happen meaning 1280 00:47:29,750 --> 00:47:27,359 not at a pace that will 1281 00:47:31,030 --> 00:47:29,760 really lead to what the president asked 1282 00:47:36,549 --> 00:47:31,040 for 1283 00:47:38,309 --> 00:47:36,559 the way nasa does things and 1284 00:47:41,030 --> 00:47:38,319 i think there is a sort of form follows 1285 00:47:43,109 --> 00:47:41,040 function thing in that you need to set 1286 00:47:43,990 --> 00:47:43,119 things up such that 1287 00:47:46,150 --> 00:47:44,000 uh 1288 00:47:47,750 --> 00:47:46,160 it is easy to do a flight test because 1289 00:47:49,510 --> 00:47:47,760 there are so many flight tests required 1290 00:47:51,670 --> 00:47:49,520 to do all those things you mentioned 1291 00:47:53,349 --> 00:47:51,680 there must have been 50 up there or more 1292 00:47:55,829 --> 00:47:53,359 50 or 100 different flight tests 1293 00:47:57,829 --> 00:47:55,839 required to just initially test all the 1294 00:47:59,510 --> 00:47:57,839 technologies you list up there and if 1295 00:48:01,190 --> 00:47:59,520 you're testing one of these every six 1296 00:48:02,390 --> 00:48:01,200 months then you can count the number of 1297 00:48:04,309 --> 00:48:02,400 years and you can see that that's never 1298 00:48:07,910 --> 00:48:04,319 going to happen 1299 00:48:09,670 --> 00:48:07,920 so i think again to to make the system 1300 00:48:11,589 --> 00:48:09,680 operate fast we need to build a system 1301 00:48:14,870 --> 00:48:11,599 that's capable of moving quickly and 1302 00:48:17,349 --> 00:48:14,880 that means very rapid turnaround 1303 00:48:20,549 --> 00:48:17,359 yes and i i think uh with what by the 1304 00:48:22,230 --> 00:48:20,559 name of the nature of this 1305 00:48:23,589 --> 00:48:22,240 program these sets of programs that have 1306 00:48:25,510 --> 00:48:23,599 been laid out 1307 00:48:27,109 --> 00:48:25,520 we will be 1308 00:48:30,790 --> 00:48:27,119 we'll be putting 1309 00:48:34,309 --> 00:48:32,230 these demonstration flagship 1310 00:48:36,150 --> 00:48:34,319 demonstration missions the the robotic 1311 00:48:38,630 --> 00:48:36,160 missions we'll be combining some of 1312 00:48:40,950 --> 00:48:38,640 these technologies of course with uh on 1313 00:48:42,309 --> 00:48:40,960 on some of these missions we're planning 1314 00:48:45,510 --> 00:48:42,319 to to start 1315 00:48:47,829 --> 00:48:45,520 four flagship technology uh 1316 00:48:50,309 --> 00:48:47,839 demonstrations in fy 11 with more to 1317 00:48:53,349 --> 00:48:50,319 follow thereafter and we'll be working 1318 00:48:55,990 --> 00:48:53,359 on uh the first few 1319 00:48:57,990 --> 00:48:56,000 robotic missions as well 1320 00:48:59,589 --> 00:48:58,000 we also have which i didn't mention i 1321 00:49:01,990 --> 00:48:59,599 meant to uh 1322 00:49:03,190 --> 00:49:02,000 scout mission capability which will be 1323 00:49:08,230 --> 00:49:03,200 very small 1324 00:49:11,030 --> 00:49:08,240 uh spacecraft possibly grouped on on 1325 00:49:12,069 --> 00:49:11,040 on a single launch vehicle that that can 1326 00:49:15,910 --> 00:49:12,079 that can 1327 00:49:19,270 --> 00:49:15,920 demonstrate or or provide information on 1328 00:49:21,109 --> 00:49:19,280 mult for multiple purposes so i i think 1329 00:49:22,150 --> 00:49:21,119 you're right i think in order to get 1330 00:49:24,470 --> 00:49:22,160 through this 1331 00:49:26,790 --> 00:49:24,480 uh we'll have to be agile 1332 00:49:29,430 --> 00:49:26,800 i think by biting them biting some of 1333 00:49:31,829 --> 00:49:29,440 these off in in the chunks that that are 1334 00:49:35,990 --> 00:49:31,839 that are 1335 00:49:37,510 --> 00:49:36,000 shorter term and more often will get to 1336 00:49:40,870 --> 00:49:37,520 that point 1337 00:49:42,630 --> 00:49:40,880 we've got a lot of folks stand in line 1338 00:49:44,549 --> 00:49:42,640 with questions and so what i'm going to 1339 00:49:46,470 --> 00:49:44,559 ask is that we'll probably just have one 1340 00:49:48,150 --> 00:49:46,480 panelist address each question and ask 1341 00:49:49,990 --> 00:49:48,160 you to be relatively brief 1342 00:49:51,670 --> 00:49:50,000 please 1343 00:49:54,470 --> 00:49:51,680 excuse me mj swallow the university of 1344 00:49:58,870 --> 00:49:57,349 the comments about the predictions 1939 1345 00:50:00,390 --> 00:49:58,880 i think after the second world war we 1346 00:50:01,829 --> 00:50:00,400 gathered all the nobel prize winners 1347 00:50:03,349 --> 00:50:01,839 together to say what's going to happen 1348 00:50:05,270 --> 00:50:03,359 in the next 50 years and they missed 1349 00:50:07,270 --> 00:50:05,280 almost everything 1350 00:50:08,390 --> 00:50:07,280 with that comment in mind and thinking 1351 00:50:14,710 --> 00:50:08,400 about 1352 00:50:17,270 --> 00:50:14,720 architecture for the research that 1353 00:50:18,710 --> 00:50:17,280 involves uh by way of analogy some of 1354 00:50:20,390 --> 00:50:18,720 the things that have been done with with 1355 00:50:21,990 --> 00:50:20,400 pcs to 1356 00:50:24,150 --> 00:50:22,000 string them all together to make one 1357 00:50:26,230 --> 00:50:24,160 supercomputer but instead of that human 1358 00:50:27,750 --> 00:50:26,240 capital we have lots of chaos at 1359 00:50:30,230 --> 00:50:27,760 universities every year we get a whole 1360 00:50:32,870 --> 00:50:30,240 new class of chaos at universities 1361 00:50:34,630 --> 00:50:32,880 what about putting some emphasis on 1362 00:50:36,309 --> 00:50:34,640 subaru flights 1363 00:50:38,390 --> 00:50:36,319 there's lots of experiments that can be 1364 00:50:39,670 --> 00:50:38,400 done in subaru flights zero gravity 1365 00:50:42,230 --> 00:50:39,680 experiments structural experiments 1366 00:50:44,309 --> 00:50:42,240 propulsion experiments etc on very small 1367 00:50:46,069 --> 00:50:44,319 scale very rapid turnaround that would 1368 00:50:48,069 --> 00:50:46,079 involve lots of people i think the 1369 00:50:49,430 --> 00:50:48,079 problem now with nasa missions 1370 00:50:51,430 --> 00:50:49,440 from a university standpoint it 1371 00:50:53,430 --> 00:50:51,440 sometimes costs us millions of dollars 1372 00:50:55,109 --> 00:50:53,440 even to compete for one and there are 1373 00:50:57,910 --> 00:50:55,119 years and years and only a few people 1374 00:50:59,349 --> 00:50:57,920 play so if we can engage a broader 1375 00:51:01,109 --> 00:50:59,359 spectrum of the intellect that's out 1376 00:51:03,430 --> 00:51:01,119 there that's interested hungry 1377 00:51:04,950 --> 00:51:03,440 enthusiastic young don't know what can't 1378 00:51:07,109 --> 00:51:04,960 be done etcetera 1379 00:51:09,670 --> 00:51:07,119 i propose that perhaps an architecture 1380 00:51:11,750 --> 00:51:09,680 using distributed kind of uh research 1381 00:51:13,109 --> 00:51:11,760 with using separate orbital flights to 1382 00:51:15,190 --> 00:51:13,119 address many of the things that were on 1383 00:51:18,069 --> 00:51:15,200 your list might be useful thank you 1384 00:51:19,589 --> 00:51:18,079 bobby yeah so 1385 00:51:20,870 --> 00:51:19,599 it might not 1386 00:51:22,549 --> 00:51:20,880 so as a 1387 00:51:23,910 --> 00:51:22,559 former university professor it probably 1388 00:51:25,349 --> 00:51:23,920 doesn't surprise you that i would agree 1389 00:51:26,630 --> 00:51:25,359 with your statement 1390 00:51:28,470 --> 00:51:26,640 and one of the things that we're working 1391 00:51:30,710 --> 00:51:28,480 on is to uh 1392 00:51:33,030 --> 00:51:30,720 capitalize if you will on all possible 1393 00:51:35,670 --> 00:51:33,040 platforms right when i talk about 1394 00:51:37,430 --> 00:51:35,680 relevant flight environments right each 1395 00:51:39,190 --> 00:51:37,440 technology has a relevant flight 1396 00:51:41,750 --> 00:51:39,200 environment and it's important that we 1397 00:51:43,990 --> 00:51:41,760 choose the lowest cost or the most 1398 00:51:45,990 --> 00:51:44,000 accessible test bed so that we can do 1399 00:51:47,670 --> 00:51:46,000 many tests of that technology in the 1400 00:51:49,670 --> 00:51:47,680 relevant flight environment if something 1401 00:51:51,510 --> 00:51:49,680 can be proven on the ground then great 1402 00:51:53,109 --> 00:51:51,520 let's do it on the ground if it requires 1403 00:51:55,030 --> 00:51:53,119 a high altitude balloon or a sounding 1404 00:51:56,870 --> 00:51:55,040 rocket flight let's do that not 1405 00:51:59,030 --> 00:51:56,880 everything has to be its own low earth 1406 00:52:01,030 --> 00:51:59,040 orbit flight test or you know we don't 1407 00:52:02,950 --> 00:52:01,040 need necessarily to go out to mars for 1408 00:52:04,710 --> 00:52:02,960 example to prove every technology just 1409 00:52:06,549 --> 00:52:04,720 to prove it in the space 1410 00:52:08,470 --> 00:52:06,559 in the space environment 1411 00:52:10,150 --> 00:52:08,480 and i so i take your point very 1412 00:52:12,390 --> 00:52:10,160 seriously and in addition 1413 00:52:13,750 --> 00:52:12,400 i do want to say that through these 1414 00:52:16,710 --> 00:52:13,760 programs where we're going to have a 1415 00:52:18,710 --> 00:52:16,720 steady cadence of flight testing where 1416 00:52:20,710 --> 00:52:18,720 we're going to have a steady cadence of 1417 00:52:23,030 --> 00:52:20,720 demonstrations and test programs not 1418 00:52:24,630 --> 00:52:23,040 just paper studies we do intend to 1419 00:52:26,870 --> 00:52:24,640 involve a broader community in 1420 00:52:28,710 --> 00:52:26,880 particular uh the university research 1421 00:52:29,910 --> 00:52:28,720 community and industry 1422 00:52:33,270 --> 00:52:29,920 okay uh 1423 00:52:35,030 --> 00:52:33,280 we've got a light there bo is that you 1424 00:52:40,069 --> 00:52:35,040 go 1425 00:52:42,390 --> 00:52:40,079 is to uh to add lou 1426 00:52:44,230 --> 00:52:42,400 you said that uh and by the way i think 1427 00:52:46,870 --> 00:52:44,240 if somebody comes from google used to be 1428 00:52:48,390 --> 00:52:46,880 like a pinnacle innovate of innovation 1429 00:52:50,309 --> 00:52:48,400 but you said something interesting you 1430 00:52:52,710 --> 00:52:50,319 said you know we haven't found the 1431 00:52:55,349 --> 00:52:52,720 formula with that that would single 1432 00:52:57,190 --> 00:52:55,359 formula to foster or 1433 00:53:00,390 --> 00:52:57,200 bring about innovation but i was 1434 00:53:03,030 --> 00:53:00,400 wondering have you found things by 1435 00:53:04,390 --> 00:53:03,040 contrast from your experience from nasa 1436 00:53:06,790 --> 00:53:04,400 and google 1437 00:53:08,870 --> 00:53:06,800 things that not that that inhibit 1438 00:53:10,549 --> 00:53:08,880 innovation 1439 00:53:12,630 --> 00:53:10,559 because i have seen some and i wonder 1440 00:53:14,630 --> 00:53:12,640 what you have what do you think 1441 00:53:15,990 --> 00:53:14,640 when you look at two organizations nasa 1442 00:53:18,630 --> 00:53:16,000 and google 1443 00:53:20,230 --> 00:53:18,640 uh absolutely i think that 1444 00:53:21,030 --> 00:53:20,240 the 1445 00:53:23,109 --> 00:53:21,040 uh 1446 00:53:24,150 --> 00:53:23,119 when things are difficult to try new 1447 00:53:26,309 --> 00:53:24,160 ideas 1448 00:53:29,829 --> 00:53:26,319 and when your opportunities are 1449 00:53:32,150 --> 00:53:29,839 infrequent to try new ideas that clearly 1450 00:53:33,990 --> 00:53:32,160 uh quashes innovation 1451 00:53:36,710 --> 00:53:34,000 and unfortunately i think we're sort of 1452 00:53:39,349 --> 00:53:36,720 in that state right now with nasa 1453 00:53:40,630 --> 00:53:39,359 if you if you have some new idea and 1454 00:53:41,990 --> 00:53:40,640 you're looking for the next available 1455 00:53:43,270 --> 00:53:42,000 flight opportunity it might be five to 1456 00:53:46,069 --> 00:53:43,280 ten years out 1457 00:53:47,430 --> 00:53:46,079 what are your chances of trying that uh 1458 00:53:49,190 --> 00:53:47,440 it better be pretty fairly developed 1459 00:53:50,710 --> 00:53:49,200 before you you really get a chance to do 1460 00:53:52,630 --> 00:53:50,720 it depends upon the size of it of course 1461 00:53:54,790 --> 00:53:52,640 there are some small scale experiments 1462 00:53:57,190 --> 00:53:54,800 but they're not a lot and if what you're 1463 00:53:58,950 --> 00:53:57,200 like would like to try isn't it has any 1464 00:54:01,190 --> 00:53:58,960 significant mass to it you are looking 1465 00:54:03,750 --> 00:54:01,200 at five to ten years out 1466 00:54:05,270 --> 00:54:03,760 yeah one thing you notice and doug maybe 1467 00:54:07,510 --> 00:54:05,280 you probably can relate to that i 1468 00:54:11,270 --> 00:54:07,520 noticed that during constellation 1469 00:54:13,829 --> 00:54:11,280 development nasa has put very firm 1470 00:54:16,069 --> 00:54:13,839 rigid processes in place 1471 00:54:17,670 --> 00:54:16,079 during development and i always felt 1472 00:54:19,790 --> 00:54:17,680 like you know during development 1473 00:54:22,870 --> 00:54:19,800 especially early development you need 1474 00:54:24,549 --> 00:54:22,880 flexibility to foster innovation give 1475 00:54:28,150 --> 00:54:24,559 people a chance to think a little more 1476 00:54:29,990 --> 00:54:28,160 independently and as you approach toward 1477 00:54:31,910 --> 00:54:30,000 firming you what you want to build and 1478 00:54:34,470 --> 00:54:31,920 building it then you need to tighten up 1479 00:54:37,990 --> 00:54:34,480 that discipline and processes and i felt 1480 00:54:41,109 --> 00:54:38,000 like nasa perhaps started too early with 1481 00:54:42,150 --> 00:54:41,119 governance and and processes and i think 1482 00:54:44,150 --> 00:54:42,160 those 1483 00:54:45,030 --> 00:54:44,160 slowed down decision-making process and 1484 00:54:47,589 --> 00:54:45,040 also 1485 00:54:49,270 --> 00:54:47,599 stifled innovation 1486 00:54:50,549 --> 00:54:49,280 but i don't know do you agree with that 1487 00:54:53,109 --> 00:54:50,559 dog or 1488 00:54:53,990 --> 00:54:53,119 sir 1489 00:54:55,750 --> 00:54:54,000 certainly 1490 00:54:57,910 --> 00:54:55,760 um 1491 00:55:00,230 --> 00:54:57,920 absolutely we we have to work to 1492 00:55:03,510 --> 00:55:00,240 streamline our process processes that's 1493 00:55:04,870 --> 00:55:03,520 what ed is alluding to and and um we're 1494 00:55:07,349 --> 00:55:04,880 we are 1495 00:55:09,510 --> 00:55:07,359 have started uh looking at that already 1496 00:55:12,950 --> 00:55:09,520 and and and 1497 00:55:14,630 --> 00:55:12,960 we we have to be more agile uh actually 1498 00:55:17,270 --> 00:55:14,640 this approach to developing the 1499 00:55:19,349 --> 00:55:17,280 technology and capability will will tend 1500 00:55:21,589 --> 00:55:19,359 to drive you to that um if you're on 1501 00:55:23,990 --> 00:55:21,599 short turnaround and developing a quick 1502 00:55:26,150 --> 00:55:24,000 turnaround demonstration i think i think 1503 00:55:27,910 --> 00:55:26,160 you'll have to get in that mode so maybe 1504 00:55:30,309 --> 00:55:27,920 this is a forcing function 1505 00:55:32,829 --> 00:55:30,319 both thank you very much uh could i add 1506 00:55:36,309 --> 00:55:32,839 one thing to that it's not just the 1507 00:55:37,750 --> 00:55:36,319 processes but actually having some 1508 00:55:39,430 --> 00:55:37,760 physical infrastructure that allows you 1509 00:55:41,109 --> 00:55:39,440 to do that for instance could you 1510 00:55:42,390 --> 00:55:41,119 imagine what we could do if we had an 1511 00:55:43,910 --> 00:55:42,400 american-built 1512 00:55:45,750 --> 00:55:43,920 soyuz cloud 1513 00:55:47,190 --> 00:55:45,760 launcher that was 1514 00:55:49,030 --> 00:55:47,200 i have no doubt in my mind that we could 1515 00:55:50,549 --> 00:55:49,040 do it better than the russians and i'm a 1516 00:55:52,789 --> 00:55:50,559 satisfied customer of having flown a 1517 00:55:54,789 --> 00:55:52,799 soyuz but can you imagine if we had 1518 00:55:55,670 --> 00:55:54,799 something that could put up say 10 to 15 1519 00:55:57,990 --> 00:55:55,680 tons 1520 00:56:00,150 --> 00:55:58,000 on that price point at which the soyuz 1521 00:56:01,829 --> 00:56:00,160 does it which i think we can do and you 1522 00:56:04,069 --> 00:56:01,839 could launch it every week like a soyuz 1523 00:56:05,829 --> 00:56:04,079 is capable of what would we do with that 1524 00:56:08,069 --> 00:56:05,839 oh yeah 1525 00:56:11,349 --> 00:56:08,079 both thank you we've got two more people 1526 00:56:13,109 --> 00:56:11,359 and so we'll do these quickly and uh 1527 00:56:15,750 --> 00:56:13,119 i uh 1528 00:56:17,910 --> 00:56:15,760 uh will you please go ahead uh steve 1529 00:56:19,750 --> 00:56:17,920 squires cornell university uh one of the 1530 00:56:22,630 --> 00:56:19,760 main things that i'm doing these days is 1531 00:56:24,309 --> 00:56:22,640 helping to run the nrc's uh planetary 1532 00:56:26,710 --> 00:56:24,319 decadal survey and one of the problems 1533 00:56:28,630 --> 00:56:26,720 that we have identified as a big big 1534 00:56:33,030 --> 00:56:28,640 issue is what we've referred to 1535 00:56:35,030 --> 00:56:33,040 informally as the trl valley of death 1536 00:56:37,910 --> 00:56:35,040 historically nasa's done a great job of 1537 00:56:40,549 --> 00:56:37,920 taking real low technology readiness 1538 00:56:43,030 --> 00:56:40,559 level ideas and moving them to sort of 1539 00:56:44,470 --> 00:56:43,040 mid-range technology readiness but 1540 00:56:46,390 --> 00:56:44,480 getting them to the point where they're 1541 00:56:48,630 --> 00:56:46,400 ready for flight 1542 00:56:51,109 --> 00:56:48,640 and where a project manager is ready to 1543 00:56:53,829 --> 00:56:51,119 accept the risk of using that technology 1544 00:56:56,150 --> 00:56:53,839 has been an area where we believe the 1545 00:56:57,670 --> 00:56:56,160 the agency has fallen short and so my 1546 00:56:59,670 --> 00:56:57,680 question for this group and i guess 1547 00:57:02,230 --> 00:56:59,680 particularly for doug and bobby is in 1548 00:57:04,230 --> 00:57:02,240 the president's plan for nasa going 1549 00:57:06,470 --> 00:57:04,240 forward what's going to change to make 1550 00:57:08,230 --> 00:57:06,480 that better 1551 00:57:10,230 --> 00:57:08,240 i can start with that 1552 00:57:12,710 --> 00:57:10,240 well so that's a great question steve 1553 00:57:14,309 --> 00:57:12,720 and i'm actually i'm very familiar with 1554 00:57:15,829 --> 00:57:14,319 the valley of death 1555 00:57:18,789 --> 00:57:15,839 having tried to get through it several 1556 00:57:21,109 --> 00:57:18,799 times in the past unsuccessfully 1557 00:57:22,870 --> 00:57:21,119 the the big change really is these is 1558 00:57:25,510 --> 00:57:22,880 the new program right the space 1559 00:57:27,510 --> 00:57:25,520 technology program in particular is set 1560 00:57:29,670 --> 00:57:27,520 up to get through that valley and to 1561 00:57:34,710 --> 00:57:29,680 deliver 1562 00:57:36,950 --> 00:57:34,720 beyond trl of six so beyond testing in a 1563 00:57:39,030 --> 00:57:36,960 relevant environment in addition that 1564 00:57:41,829 --> 00:57:39,040 cross-cutting capability demonstration 1565 00:57:44,069 --> 00:57:41,839 program that i mentioned quickly 1566 00:57:46,309 --> 00:57:44,079 will only sponsor technologies in which 1567 00:57:47,829 --> 00:57:46,319 a customer has already been identified 1568 00:57:49,990 --> 00:57:47,839 and when that when in which that 1569 00:57:52,230 --> 00:57:50,000 customer is actually providing a portion 1570 00:57:54,230 --> 00:57:52,240 of the funding for that demonstration to 1571 00:57:56,549 --> 00:57:54,240 prove their interest in flying that 1572 00:57:59,109 --> 00:57:56,559 technology in the future so we'll have a 1573 00:58:02,230 --> 00:57:59,119 handshake deal up front along with some 1574 00:58:04,390 --> 00:58:02,240 cash actually from that customer to fly 1575 00:58:06,390 --> 00:58:04,400 that technology on some future mission 1576 00:58:08,309 --> 00:58:06,400 and then through this new program which 1577 00:58:09,750 --> 00:58:08,319 i need to tell you didn't exist 1578 00:58:11,430 --> 00:58:09,760 previously 1579 00:58:13,750 --> 00:58:11,440 will have the capability to take these 1580 00:58:15,589 --> 00:58:13,760 technologies from concept all the way to 1581 00:58:17,670 --> 00:58:15,599 flight the tough part of course is 1582 00:58:19,430 --> 00:58:17,680 always protecting technology funds when 1583 00:58:20,630 --> 00:58:19,440 money gets tight and i wish you the best 1584 00:58:23,589 --> 00:58:20,640 of luck with that 1585 00:58:25,430 --> 00:58:23,599 thank you thank you 1586 00:58:27,270 --> 00:58:25,440 hi my name is jim fenton i'm at the 1587 00:58:28,710 --> 00:58:27,280 florida solar energy center just 15 1588 00:58:30,069 --> 00:58:28,720 minutes away 1589 00:58:32,470 --> 00:58:30,079 um 1590 00:58:33,910 --> 00:58:32,480 i agree this is about technology i've 1591 00:58:35,670 --> 00:58:33,920 heard innovation 1592 00:58:38,789 --> 00:58:35,680 i've heard agile 1593 00:58:41,030 --> 00:58:38,799 i did not hear inspiration 1594 00:58:43,030 --> 00:58:41,040 i heard motivation 1595 00:58:45,109 --> 00:58:43,040 motivation is to push people to do 1596 00:58:47,109 --> 00:58:45,119 things they don't want to do 1597 00:58:49,670 --> 00:58:47,119 nasa famously 1598 00:58:51,430 --> 00:58:49,680 inspired a generation of future 1599 00:58:54,390 --> 00:58:51,440 scientists and engineers 1600 00:58:56,309 --> 00:58:54,400 i want nasa to do that again 1601 00:58:59,349 --> 00:58:56,319 i want inspiration up there with the 1602 00:59:00,950 --> 00:58:59,359 words innovation and technology 1603 00:59:03,990 --> 00:59:00,960 thank you 1604 00:59:05,990 --> 00:59:04,000 our guest of honor we will make an 1605 00:59:07,670 --> 00:59:06,000 exception please 1606 00:59:09,750 --> 00:59:07,680 i'll never hear the end of this session 1607 00:59:11,589 --> 00:59:09,760 overrun so 1608 00:59:12,950 --> 00:59:11,599 norm thank you sure thank all the 1609 00:59:15,190 --> 00:59:12,960 panelists uh 1610 00:59:17,349 --> 00:59:15,200 i tried to 1611 00:59:19,270 --> 00:59:17,359 be in a number of uh 1612 00:59:20,390 --> 00:59:19,280 sessions my name is sheila jackson lee 1613 00:59:21,510 --> 00:59:20,400 and i come from 1614 00:59:24,230 --> 00:59:21,520 houston 1615 00:59:26,309 --> 00:59:24,240 uh near the johnson space center 1616 00:59:27,910 --> 00:59:26,319 first of all i i think we did have some 1617 00:59:30,549 --> 00:59:27,920 inspiration today and i think that's an 1618 00:59:33,750 --> 00:59:30,559 important point i keep trying to grow 1619 00:59:36,630 --> 00:59:33,760 uh physicists and a number of 1620 00:59:39,030 --> 00:59:36,640 body politic for science in america so 1621 00:59:40,870 --> 00:59:39,040 this is an important element 1622 00:59:42,789 --> 00:59:40,880 i also think uh 1623 00:59:44,630 --> 00:59:42,799 ed's point about the soyuz was an 1624 00:59:46,069 --> 00:59:44,640 interesting point uh the president's 1625 00:59:47,670 --> 00:59:46,079 points about orion is another 1626 00:59:50,470 --> 00:59:47,680 interesting point 1627 00:59:52,309 --> 00:59:50,480 my question is that we have uh 1628 00:59:54,069 --> 00:59:52,319 interrelated links between the centers 1629 00:59:56,549 --> 00:59:54,079 i'm obviously 1630 00:59:58,069 --> 00:59:56,559 hearing from constituents all the time 1631 01:00:01,030 --> 00:59:58,079 about 1632 01:00:02,630 --> 01:00:01,040 jobs the economy aspect of it 1633 01:00:04,230 --> 01:00:02,640 but preserving the science the 1634 01:00:05,510 --> 01:00:04,240 intelligence of it if you will the 1635 01:00:08,069 --> 01:00:05,520 knowledge 1636 01:00:10,390 --> 01:00:08,079 my question is in this period of time 1637 01:00:12,309 --> 01:00:10,400 when people were geared toward one 1638 01:00:14,870 --> 01:00:12,319 program and i thank the president for 1639 01:00:17,430 --> 01:00:14,880 his message and his inspiration 1640 01:00:19,109 --> 01:00:17,440 what are we doing with that body of 1641 01:00:21,589 --> 01:00:19,119 of uh human 1642 01:00:25,430 --> 01:00:21,599 resource right now you're talking about 1643 01:00:26,630 --> 01:00:25,440 new technology uh ed do we go to uh you 1644 01:00:27,510 --> 01:00:26,640 know if we just 1645 01:00:29,270 --> 01:00:27,520 put 1646 01:00:31,750 --> 01:00:29,280 the president's speech here and they say 1647 01:00:33,910 --> 01:00:31,760 let's go do it and build a soyuz what do 1648 01:00:36,150 --> 01:00:33,920 we do right now that's the fear that's 1649 01:00:38,069 --> 01:00:36,160 the apprehension for individuals who are 1650 01:00:40,470 --> 01:00:38,079 right in the midst of these sinners 1651 01:00:42,309 --> 01:00:40,480 right now in particular 1652 01:00:44,950 --> 01:00:42,319 where i am right now kennedy and then 1653 01:00:47,109 --> 01:00:44,960 johnson uh in particular 1654 01:00:48,870 --> 01:00:47,119 that's a great question to close on and 1655 01:00:51,910 --> 01:00:48,880 doug i think we'll let you take that one 1656 01:00:54,549 --> 01:00:51,920 on all right um certainly that that is 1657 01:00:57,990 --> 01:00:54,559 um that is an area that we are uh 1658 01:00:59,990 --> 01:00:58,000 working very hard on uh we uh when the 1659 01:01:01,750 --> 01:01:00,000 budget requests came out we put together 1660 01:01:04,309 --> 01:01:01,760 teams to go look at 1661 01:01:07,270 --> 01:01:04,319 at uh these not only these new 1662 01:01:08,309 --> 01:01:07,280 uh programs that that we've we've been 1663 01:01:10,470 --> 01:01:08,319 assigned 1664 01:01:12,950 --> 01:01:10,480 but but also uh we put together a 1665 01:01:14,390 --> 01:01:12,960 transition team to go look at the very 1666 01:01:17,030 --> 01:01:14,400 thing that you're you're talking about 1667 01:01:20,150 --> 01:01:17,040 how do we it is a shift it is a shift in 1668 01:01:22,230 --> 01:01:20,160 in in priorities and policy 1669 01:01:25,589 --> 01:01:22,240 in terms of of um 1670 01:01:27,270 --> 01:01:25,599 how we go about exploration and so it is 1671 01:01:30,470 --> 01:01:27,280 important that we work through that 1672 01:01:33,589 --> 01:01:30,480 carefully because we're we these are 1673 01:01:35,270 --> 01:01:33,599 we we these are our people too and 1674 01:01:37,510 --> 01:01:35,280 people that we've worked with for you 1675 01:01:40,390 --> 01:01:37,520 know for many years and me personally i 1676 01:01:41,910 --> 01:01:40,400 spent 32 years at johnson space center 1677 01:01:44,069 --> 01:01:41,920 before coming to 1678 01:01:47,430 --> 01:01:44,079 dc um 1679 01:01:49,750 --> 01:01:47,440 so it isn't it is it is a definitely 1680 01:01:53,030 --> 01:01:49,760 something that we we take very seriously 1681 01:01:54,950 --> 01:01:53,040 and are working on i think you annette a 1682 01:01:55,910 --> 01:01:54,960 lot of us will need to work with you yes 1683 01:01:57,910 --> 01:01:55,920 um 1684 01:02:00,390 --> 01:01:57,920 what i gleaned today is that you have 1685 01:02:01,829 --> 01:02:00,400 put forward somebody's heard me say this 1686 01:02:04,069 --> 01:02:01,839 many many times 1687 01:02:06,870 --> 01:02:04,079 today an onion and we need to peel the 1688 01:02:09,589 --> 01:02:06,880 layers and find out where we fit 1689 01:02:11,109 --> 01:02:09,599 onions sometimes sting but they are 1690 01:02:12,470 --> 01:02:11,119 pretty tasty 1691 01:02:14,789 --> 01:02:12,480 but i think it's important that we've 1692 01:02:17,190 --> 01:02:14,799 got to calm people and use the genius 1693 01:02:19,510 --> 01:02:17,200 that we have in all of these centers 1694 01:02:21,270 --> 01:02:19,520 and produce something for america that's 1695 01:02:22,230 --> 01:02:21,280 that's what i think is enormously 1696 01:02:24,549 --> 01:02:22,240 important 1697 01:02:26,710 --> 01:02:24,559 and i hope we can be around the table 1698 01:02:29,190 --> 01:02:26,720 really with our sleeves rolled up really 1699 01:02:30,710 --> 01:02:29,200 helping to produce and it's not done uh 1700 01:02:32,789 --> 01:02:30,720 as i know that you're not doing it but 1701 01:02:35,589 --> 01:02:32,799 not done in isolation there are so many 1702 01:02:37,910 --> 01:02:35,599 moving parts to this 1703 01:02:39,510 --> 01:02:37,920 that's a perfect wrap-up for us thank 1704 01:02:42,390 --> 01:02:39,520 you for doing that 1705 01:02:44,710 --> 01:02:42,400 uh let me a special thanks 1706 01:02:46,069 --> 01:02:44,720 to doug and bobby and ed for their 1707 01:02:46,950 --> 01:02:46,079 remarks 1708 01:02:49,270 --> 01:02:46,960 and 1709 01:02:51,589 --> 01:02:49,280 they've got a big challenge ahead uh 1710 01:02:53,190 --> 01:02:51,599 particularly uh our nasa folks here 1711 01:02:54,630 --> 01:02:53,200 current nasa folks 1712 01:02:57,349 --> 01:02:54,640 and uh thanks to each of you in the 1713 01:02:59,109 --> 01:02:57,359 audience for uh your questions 1714 01:03:01,349 --> 01:02:59,119 and to those uh 1715 01:03:02,549 --> 01:03:01,359 who are out in cyberspace we appreciate 1716 01:03:05,109 --> 01:03:02,559 your interest 1717 01:03:06,950 --> 01:03:05,119 i believe we're supposed to go back to a 1718 01:03:07,910 --> 01:03:06,960 broader session now 1719 01:03:09,270 --> 01:03:07,920 and 1720 01:03:11,190 --> 01:03:09,280 somebody will guide you if you go out